Networking CIT

Question 1

LAN

Answer 1

LAN stands for “local area network”. It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN

Question 2

WAN

Answer 2

WAN stands for “wide area network”. It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole.

Question 3

Protocol

Answer 3

A protocol is a set of rules and standards that basically define a language that devices can use to communicate. There are a great number of protocols in use extensively in networking, and they are often implemented in different layers.

Question 4

Port

Answer 4

A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application.

Question 5

VPN

Answer 5

VPN stands for virtual private network. It is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons.

Question 6

OSI Model

Answer 6

Historically, one method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.

Question 7

IP

Answer 7

The IP protocol is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work. IP addresses are unique on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model.

Question 8

ICMP

Answer 8

ICMP stands for internet control message protocol. It is used to send messages between devices to indicate the availability or error conditions. These packets are used in a variety of network diagnostic tools, such as ping and traceroute. Usually ICMP packets are transmitted when a packet of a different kind meets some kind of a problem. Basically, they are used as a feedback mechanism for network communications.

Question 9

TCP

Answer 9

TCP stands for transmission control protocol. It is implemented in the transport layer of the IP/TCP model and is used to establish reliable connections. TCP is one of the protocols that encapsulates data into packets.

Question 10

UDP

Answer 10

UDP stands for user datagram protocol. It is a popular companion protocol to TCP and is also implemented in the transport layer. The fundamental difference between UDP and TCP is that UDP offers unreliable data transfer. It does not verify that data has been received on the other end of the connection.

Question 11

HTTP

Answer 11

HTTP stands for hypertext transfer protocol. It is a protocol defined in the application layer that forms the basis for communication on the web.

Question 12

DNS

Answer 12

DNS stands for domain name system. It is an application layer protocol used to provide a human-friendly naming mechanism for internet resources. It is what ties a domain name to an IP address and allows you to access sites by name in your browser.

Question 13

SSH

Answer 13

SSH stands for secure shell. It is an encrypted protocol implemented in the application layer that can be used to communicate with a remote server in a secure way. Many additional technologies are built around this protocol because of its end-to-end encryption and ubiquity.

Question 14

Broadcast packet

Answer 14

A specially addressed packet that is received by all stations in the same domain.

Question 15

Firewall

Answer 15

A system, based on either hardware or software, used to govern traffic between two networks.

Question 16

Full duplex

Answer 16

Ability to send traffic in both directions at the same time.

Question 17

Half duplex

Answer 17

Communicating in only one direction at a time.

Question 18

NAT

Answer 18

Network Address Translation (NAT) - The method of converting one IP address to another IP address; primarily used to connect a network which has an internal address space that is on a different standard than another network, such as the Internet.

Question 19

Packet

Answer 19

Also known as a “frame,” each packet contains addressing and control information. Packets are variable length, up to a maximum size. Packets for different technologies usually have a minimum and maximum size allowed.

Question 20

Ping

Answer 20

A command used to determine the presence and operational nature of another device.

Question 21

Token

Answer 21

A specially formatted message that gives the receiving node permission to use the network.