Networking and Security Fundamentals Flashcards
Authentication Server
A server or server role that determines whether or not access credentials supplied by a user should enable them to access resources.
Bridge
A software-based network device that has the same functionality as a switch.
Client/Server Network
A network in which some computers act as servers to provide special services for other client computers.
File Server
A computer that stores programs and files that are intended to be shared among network users.
IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
Software or hardware, or a combination of both, that scans, audits and monitors the security infrastructure for signs of attacks in progress and automates the intrusion detection process.
Internet Appliance
A relatively inexpensive PC that enables Internet access and a specific activity.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A self-contained network that spans a small area, such as a single building, floor or room.
Least Privilege
The principle that establishes that users and software should only have the minimal level of access that is necessary for them to perform the duties required of them.
Mail Server
A computer that stores incoming email messages and forwards outgoing email messages.
Malware
Any unwanted software that has the potential to damage a system, impede performance or create a nuisance condition.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A network that covers an area equivalent to a city or other municipality.
Modem
A device that converts digital data to an analogue signal that can be sent over a telephone line.
Multi-factor Authentication
Any authentication scheme that requires validation of at least two of the possible authentication factors.
Mutual Authentication
A security mechanism that requires that each party in a communication verifies its identity.
Network
A group of computers that are connected together to communicate and share resources.
PAN (Personal Area Network)
A network of devices used by a single individual.
Peer-to-peer Network
A network in which resource sharing, processing and communications control are completely decentralised.
Print Server
A computer that enables network users to share printers.
Proxy Server
A computer or application that isolates internal clients from external servers by downloading and storing files on behalf of the clients.
Rapid Elasticity
A cloud computing feature that provides seamless, scalable provisioning.
Router
A networking device that connects multiple networks that use the same protocol.
RSA Token
A small device that includes cryptographic keys, a digital signature or even biometric information that is verified against an identification system to allow or deny access to a physical location system, or network location.
Security Policy
A formalised statement that defines how security will be implemented within a particular organisation.
Server
A computer that provides services and resources on the network.
Strong Password
A password that meets the complexity requirements that are set by a system administrator and documented in a security policy or a password policy.
Switch
A smart network hardware device that joins multiple network segments together.
Token
A physical or virtual object that stores authentication information.
UTM (Unified Threat Management)
The concept of combining the features of a firewall, gateway antivirus and IDS/IPS into a single device.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A private network that protects communications sent through a public network such as the Internet.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that spans multiple geographic locations, connecting multiple LANs using long-range transmission media.
Web Server
A computer that provides access to personal, corporate or educational website content.
WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)
A network that connects devices in very close proximity but not through a wireless access point.
