Networking Flashcards
network
the interconnection of computers
the internet
the physical connection of computers and wires around the world
world wide web
the information on the Internet. used to access internet via links like www.google.com
ways to access the internet other than the web:
e-mail, chat, file-sharing programs
networking
managing, building, and designing networks
the internet is composed of:
a massive network of satellites, cellular networks, and physical cables buried beneath the ground
servers
store the websites we use like wikipedia, google, reddit, BBC
serve content
connect directly to the web.
clients
machines we use like mobile phones, laptops, videogame consoles.
request content.
don’t connect directly to internet.
connect to network run by an ISP.
ISPs (internet service providers)
have already built networks and run all the necessary physical cabling that connects millions of computers together in one network.
also connect to other networks and other ISPs.
other networks connect to networks of Google, Reddit, universities.
all combined together= the Internet.
IP address
an identifier assigned to computer on a network that’s composed of digits and numbers.
when access a website, actually going to their IP address.
MAC address
a unique identifier devices that connect to a network have.
generally permanent and hard-coded onto a device.
which 2 identifiers are needed to send or receive data through a network?
the IP and MAC addresses.
packets
the little bits of data (1s and 0s) all data gets broken down into (pictures, e-mail, texts) in order to be sent through a network.
ethernet cable
physically connects computer to network through a cable.
Wi-Fi
wireless networking. connect through radios and antennas.
fiber optic
cables that contain glass fibers that move data through light instead of electricity.
router
connects lots of different devices together and helps route network traffic. uses network protocols to to help determine where to send packet.
network protocols
a set of rules for how data is transferred in a network.
switches
like mailrooms in a building.
hubs
like company memos. don’t know who to send memo to, so sent to everyone.
technology stack
a set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure for a computer.
network stack
all the components that make up computer networking.
network protocols make sure packets are:
routed efficiently, aren’t corrupted, are secure, go to the right machine, are named properly.
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol and internet protocol.
IP
responsible for delivering packets to the right computer. help route info.
TCP
a protocol that handles reliable delivery of info from one network to another.
was an important part of the creation of the internet b/c allows data to be shared between computers.
IP address
Internet protocol address.
addresses computers use to find something on a network.
all websites can be accessed through…
the web
websites
text documents formatted in HTML and containing content like text, images, audio, and video.
HTML
hypertext markup language.
a coding language used by web browsers.
URL
uniform resource locator.
a web address similar to a home address.
(i.e. www.reddit.com)
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
where domains registered.
domain name
the website name (reddit.com)
anyone can register one.
domain ending
the last part of an URL (.com)
different endings are standards for what type of website it might be (.edu- educational inst.)
DNS
domain name system.
a critical web protocol that acts like the internet’s directory and lets us use human readable words to map an IP address.
IPv4
internet protocol version 4.
an address that consists of 32 bits separated into 4 groups.
how many values can 1 byte store?
256 values from 0 to 255
how many digits can 1 byte store?
255
IPv6
internet protocol version 6.
consists of 128 bits
how many possible IP addresses are there with IPv6?
2^128
NAT
network address translation.
lets organizations use 1 public IP address and many private IP addresses within a network.