Networking Flashcards
A ______ is a group of interconnected computers and other devices that are able to share information with each other.
network
Computers on a network are known as ______.
network nodes or hosts
A ________ converts the digital data that’s coming from the computer into some type of signal that can be transmitted on the network medium. It may use an electrical signal, or a light signal, sometime even a radio signal to send that data.
network interface
________ are standards needed in order to define how data is going to be formatted. If computers on the network aren’t using the same _______, they aren’t going to be able to understand the data that’s being communicated.
network protocol
In a ______ network, the individual hosts don’t have a specific role. Access to shared resources are controlled separately.
peer-to-peer
In a ______ network, the network hosts have specific roles assigned to them. For example, some hosts are assigned to be servers. A server provides network resources. The other hosts function as clients. A client does not provide network services, instead it consumes network services.
client-server
A ______ is the assigned IP address of a computer.
host address
A _______ is any logical or physical address that uniquely distinguishes a network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network.
network address
A _______ is a part of the network where all the computers share the same _____ address. Each separate network represents a ______.
subnet
When several networks within the same organization are connected together, they’re collectively referred to as a ________.
Local Area Network (LAN)
There can be many local area networks within the same city and in a situation where they are all within the same metropolitan area, it constitutes a ________.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
When many networks in many cities connect together, these are called _______ links. The collection of networks are called______.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
When you take two separate networks and connect them together, you have an _______.
internetwork
The ______ is a collection of many different networks owned by many different entities that all share information and communicate together. It connects devices all around the world.
internet
Cities all around the world share a common way of connecting so they can route signals between each other - _______. They manage an access point to the internet.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
An ______ is like a mini internet. It’s a private network that uses a lot of the same technologies as the internet. It may or may not be connected to the public internet.
intranet
An _____ is essentially an intranet that is made partially available to entities outside your organization.
extranet
A _____ is a graphical depiction of the layout of a computer network.
topology
The ______ topology describes the layout of the network, or how the devices are connected.
physical
The _______ topology describes how devices communicate with each other, or how data is transmitted on the network.
logical
A _______ is created when the computers are all connected to a single cable. In the logical topology, data is sent to all the computers; if the data isn’t addressed to it, the computer discards, but if it is addressed to it, the computer accepts the data.
bus topology
A _______ is created when one computer is connected to another, and then another, until they form a ring. There is no central connecting point. In the logical topology, data is forwarded along the network by each computer until the data reaches it’s destination.
ring topology
A _______ is created when all devices are connected to a central connecting point. With the logical topology, data is sent directly to the intended device only.
star topology
With a ________, each device on the network has a point-to-point connection to every other device on the network. It’s rarely implemented on a production network with work stations since the number of network interfaces make this topology impractical.
mesh networking topology
In a _______, some nodes are connected to all the other nodes using direct links, but some are connected to only one or two other nodes.
partial mesh topology
What device is used to create a physical star topology?
switch or hub
A _____ is the physical hardware that connects network devices together and allows them to communicate with each other.
network medium
_______ uses electrical impulses to transmit binary computer data from one device to another. It usually implemented in the form of twisted pair cables and RJ45 connectors.
Copper wiring
Instead of electrical signals, _____ use light pulses to transmit data across the network.
Fiber optic cables
Networks that use _______ typically use analog radio signals to transmit data between devices. Another method uses infrared light to transmit data.
wireless communication
If a network medium is _____, it means there is a physical boundary that contains the communications. For example, copper wiring uses a cable made of plastic sheaths to contain communications.
bounded
An _____ network medium doesn’t have any type of physical casing. Instead, the radio waves or light waves are transmitted through the air.
unbounded
A ______ allows a network cable to connect to the computer but the other end of the cable needs to connect to something. IT’s a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
_____ are the most basic type of central connecting device. When it receives information, it knows to send it to another computer but doesn’t know which one. Because _____ don’t know any information about computers it’s connected to, it copies the info and sends it to every port.
Hubs
______ know the host connected to each port. When information is sent from one computer to another, the _____ looks are the data, determines it’s host based on the MAC address, and sends it out to that host port only.
Switches
_____ connects two network segments that have different subnet addresses. When the _____ receives information, it looks at the IP address of the recipient and uses it to identify the network to forward the information to. The _____ on the other network then sends the info to the switch and the switch sends the info to the intended computer.
Routers
A ______ is a connectivity device that joins two network segments together. By using a ______, the two network segments essentially become one big network. It also makes forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses instead of IP addresses.
bridge
______ servers provide file sharing and print sharing services.
File and Print
______ servers provide access to a shared network application, like a database server that contains customer information.
Application
______ servers handle user authentication and store user credentials, permissions, and settings.
Directory
______ servers provide remote access to network resources.
Remote Access
______ servers serve web pages and web content via HTTP.
Web
______ servers use domain name service to map IP addresses to domain names.
DNS
______ servers automatically configure network hosts with an IP address, subnet mask, DNS server, and default gateway.
DHCP
_______ provide voice communication over a packet-switched network (IP network). The most common _____ is an IP phone where instead of using a standard public switched telephone network, IP phones connect to an Ethernet network using an RJ45 connection.
VoIP devices (Voice over IP)
A _____ is a device that is organized to provide a single service: file sharing. They can be connected to a network and configured very easily. They are a great choice for most networks that need file sharing services.
Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
A ______ is responsible for converting digital data into digital signals to be sent on the medium. The type of signal the ______ sends depends on the type of network.
transceiver
A _____ converts binary data (PC) to analog telephone waves (modulation) on the sending end and then converts the analog telephone waves back to binary data (demodulation) on the receiving end.
modem
Most network adapters support ______ functionality, which allows you to power on a computer system over the network through the network adapter.
Wake-on-LAN (WOL)
The signal source used with ______ cables is a light pulse. Cabling can be laser, but most often, it is an LED.
Fiber optic
A _____ maintains a table of MAC addresses by port and forwards network frames to only the port that matched the MAC address. This significantly reduces collisions.
switch
A ______, or hardware address, is a unique identifier hard coded on every NIC. A valid ______ has a total of 12 hexadecimal numbers that contain numbers 0-9 and letters A-F.
MAC address
At the center of coaxial network cabling is the ______, typically made of a solid wire coated in either copper or silver. Transmissions travel along this wire in the form of electrical signals.
inner conductor
To protect transmissions and prevent grounding, the wire in coaxial cabling is surrounded by an insulator that is usually made of _______.
flexible PVC
Around the insulator of coaxial cabling is some sort of metallic shield, typically _____. This layer is used for grounding.
aluminum mesh.
Mixing ______ types can cause transmission errors or prevent communication altogether. Because of this, it’s critical that you select the proper ______ type for the specific application.
coaxial
______ are used for video transmission in CCTV systems. They were once used to transmit satellite and cable TV broadcasts but aren’t used much anymore because they lose signal quality over long distances.
RG-59
______ coaxial cables are constructed with between one and four layers of shielding. In addition, the internal wire is typically made of a solid copper. They have much lower signal loss over long distances than RG-59 which results in a higher quality signal. They are used for cable televisions, satellite television, and cable modems.
RG-6
The most common connector and the one you’re probably familiar with is the _______ connector. They can be crimped or screwed onto the end of a cable, but there types of connectors cause signal leakage.
F-type
Another type of connector used by coaxial cables is called the _______ connector. It’s used by very old networks and some specialized industries.
Bayonet Neill-Concelam or BNC
Another type of connector used by coaxial cables is called the _______ connector. It’s used by very old networks and some specialized industries.
Bayonet Neill-Concelmam or BNC
The benefit to using coaxial cabling is that it’s relatively resistant to both ________, a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit, and physical damage.
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Standard _____ cabling is composed of eight copper wires that are twisted into four pairs. The individual wires are either 22-gauge or 24-gauge copper wire coated in plastic for insulation.
twisted pair
EMI emitted by the wires in a twisted pair cable can be absorbed by neighboring wires resulting in a shadow signal that affects communication, which is known as ______.
cross-talk
_____ are when the internal wires are encased in only a plastic sheath. It’s cheap cabling but does not protect against external EMI at all.
UTP or unshielded twisted pair
_____ has additional shielding around the wire bundle to protect against EMI.
STP or shielded twisted pair
A twisted pair cabling’s _____ defines several aspects of the cable including its transmission specifications and intended use.
category
The most common categories of twisted pair are ______, which stands for enhanced, and Cat 6. _____ supports speeds of up to 1 Gbps.
Cat 5e
______ cables support 10 Gbps transfer speeds and are typically used in high-speed network and broadband infrastructures.
Cat 6
______ cables transfer data using a single light ray. The internal core in these types of cables is very small, about 10 microns in diameter. This small core prevents the light from bouncing around too much, which allows for a very long cable lengths and high data transfer rates.
Single-mode fiber (SMF)
______ cables have a larger internal core, about 50 to 100 microns. This larger core allows multiple rays of light to be sent along the cable at the same time. This also allows the light to bounce around a lot, which diffuses the light and reduces the maximum length of the cables.
Multi-mode fiber (MMF)
What speeds can a Cat 5 support, and at what frequency?
100 Mbps, 100 MHz
What speed can a Cat 5e support, and at what frequency?
1000 Mbps, 100 MHz
What speed can a Cat 6 support, and at what frequency?
10 Gbps, 250 MHz
What speed can a Cat 6e support, and at what frequency?
10 Gbps, 500 MHz
What speed can a Cat 7 support, and at what frequency?
10 Gbps, 600 MHz
The ______ connector has 4 or 6 connectors, supports 2 pairs of wires, uses a locking tab to keep the connector secure, and uses primarily for telephone wiring.
RJ11
The ______ connector has 8 connectors, supports up to 4 pairs of wires, uses a locking tab to keep connector secure, and is used for Ethernet networks.
RJ45
______ cable is fire resistant and non-toxic, making it optional for wiring above ceiling tiles.
Plenum
A ______ cable connects two switches that don’t support auto-uplinking. It’s constructed using the T568A wiring standard on one end and the T568B standard on the other end. If it’s one or the other, it’s a straight-through cable.
crossover
The physical address of a device is also called the ______. They are burned into the read-only memory of every single network interface. This cannot be changed.
media access control address or MAC address
When a host needs to send information, it puts the data into what’s called a _________. This contains the data being sent and a header.
network packet
