Networking Flashcards
Explain the OSI model and the TCP/IP protocol stack.
- OSI model and the TCP/IP protocol stack are both frameworks that conceptualize network communication
How does the OSI and TCP/UDP stack relate to each other
- the layers in both models can be correlated
- Application = Application, Presentation, and Session
- Internet = Network
- Transport = Transport
- Network Interface = Data, Physical
What are the key differences between OSI model and TCP/UDP stack?
- they differ in their approach and layer organization.
- OSI is 7 layers (Application to Network)
- TCP/UDP is 4 layers (Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application)
Describe the process of DNS resolution
DNS resolution is the process of translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses
How does a web browser translate a domain name into an IP address
- it sends a DNS query to the local DNS resolver
- If the resolver doesn’t have the mapping cached, it contacts the authoritative name server responsible for the domain
- authoritative server replies with the IP address
- the resolver caches the result for future use
- the resolver provides the IP address to the browser
- the browser establishes a connection to the web server using the IP
What is the purpose of subnetting in IP addressing?
- dividing a larger IP network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks or subnets
- aids in efficient network design by segmenting traffic, improving security, and optimizing resource usage
- helps in IP address allocation
what are the benefits of using Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)
- VLSM enables the allocation of different-sized subnets within a single network
- conserves IP address space
- accommodates varying subnet requirements
Explain the differences between TCP and UDP
- TCP: connection-oriented and offers reliable, ordered, and error-checked data delivery
- UDP: connectionless and offers lightweight, low-latency communication
When would you choose TCP or UDP?
- TCP for applications where data integrity is crucial
- UDP for applications where speed is prioritized over reliability
Provide examples of applications that use TCP or UDP and justify your choices
- TCP: web browsing, file transfer (FTP), and email (SMTP)
- UDP: streaming media (UDP-based streaming services), online gaming (UDP minimizes latency for real-time interactions), WiFi authentication
Discuss the concept of NAT (Network Address Translation)
NAT involves translating private IP addresses used within an internal network to a single public IP address for external communication
What is the significance of NAT in modern networking
- helps conserve the limited pool of public IPv4 addresses
- enables multiple devices to share a single public IP
- NAT became a workaround to address the scarcity of IPv4 addresses
what are the implications for NAT use and IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv6 adoption
- NAT poses challenges for direct peer-to-peer communication
- NAT complicates network configurations
- NAT hinders the deployment of IPv6 due to its widespread use
- IPv6 adoption is crucial to overcome address exhaustion
What are some TCP benefits
- Flow control
- Error correction
- Retransmission
What does TLS provide?
Provides encryption and authenticity for TCP-based protocols
