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AWS > Networking > Flashcards

Networking Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of virtual networking cards you can attach to your EC2 instance?

A

Elastic network interface (ENI), Enhanced Networking (EN), and Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA)

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2
Q

What is the most common type of networking card?

A

Elastic network interface

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3
Q

What networking card uses single root I/O virtualization to provide high performance?

A

Elastic networking

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4
Q

what networking card accelerates high performance computing and machine learning applications?

A

Elastic fabric adapter

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5
Q

what networking card is put on an EC2 instance by default?

A

ENI

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6
Q

What can a VPC be thought of as?

A

A virtual data center in the cloud

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7
Q

What are the three tiers of a VPC?

A

Web (public facing subnet), application (private subnet that can only speak to web tier and database tier), database (private subnet that can only speak to application tier)

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8
Q

How many AZ can a subnet be in?

A

One

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9
Q

What is a NAT gateway?

A

A network address translation gateway is used to enable instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet or other AWS services while preventing the internet from initiating a connection with those instances

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10
Q

Are NAT gateways redundant within an AZ?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is the Gbps range for a NAT gateway?

A

5 to 45 gbps

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12
Q

How often do YOU have to patch NAT gateways?

A

Never, Amazon does it

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13
Q

How do you create a NAT gateway’s public IP address?

A

You don’t have to, one is automatically assigned

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14
Q

What is a VPC endpoint?

A

Enables you to privately connect your VPC to supported AWS services and VPC endpoint services without requiring an internet gateway, NAT device, VPN connection, or AWS direct connect connection

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15
Q

How often does traffic between VPC endpoints leave the Amazon network?

A

Never

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16
Q

What kind of public IP address does VPC endpoints require?

A

No public IP addresses

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17
Q

What are the two types of endpoints?

A

Interface endpoints and gateway endpoints

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18
Q

What is an interface endpoint?

A

An elastic network interface with a private IP address that serves as an entry point for traffic headed to a supported service

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19
Q

What is a gateway endpoint?

A

A virtual device you provision that supports connections to S3 and DynamoDB

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20
Q

When you want to connect AWS services without leaving the AWS network, what should you use?

A

VPC endpoints

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21
Q

What is an intranet?

A

A network of computers designed for a certain group of users

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22
Q

What is VPC peering?

A

Allows you to connect VPC’s via a direct network route

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23
Q

How does VPC peering connect VPC’s?

A

Private IP addresses

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24
Q

Can you VPC peer between regions? Accounts?

A

Yes and yes

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25
Q

Is VPC peering the same as transitive peering?

A

No

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26
Q

What options are there to open our applications in a VPC to another VPC?

A

You can open it up to the internet, use VPC peering, or PrivateLink

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27
Q

What must the service VPC have to use PrivateLink?

A

A NLB

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28
Q

What must the customer VPC have to use PrivateLink?

A

An ENI

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29
Q

What is direct connect?

A

A cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a direct network connection from your premises to AWS

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30
Q

What are the two types of direct connect connections?

A

Dedicated connections and hosted connections

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31
Q

What is AWS Transit Gateway?

A

Connects VPC’s and on premises networks through a central hub. this simplifies your network and puts an end to complex peering relationships.It acts as a cloud router each new connection is only made once

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31
Q

What is AWS Transit Gateway?

A

Connects VPC’s and on premises networks through a central hub. this simplifies your network and puts an end to complex peering relationships.It acts as a cloud router each new connection is only made once

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32
Q

What AWS service allows transitive peering?

A

AWS Transit Gateway

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33
Q

How can you limit how VPC’s talk to each other with Transit Gateway

A

route tables

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34
Q

What AWS service supports IP multicast?

A

Transit Gateway

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35
Q

What is AWS wavelength?

A

Embeds AWS compute and storage services within 5g networks

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35
Q

What is AWS wavelength?

A

Embeds AWS compute and storage services within 5g networks

36
Q

At what geographical level is NAT gateway redundant at?

A

AZ

37
Q

What is the IPv4 CIDR block of the default VPC?

A

172.31.0.0/16

38
Q

What is the purpose of NAT gateways?

A

to forward traffic from your private subnets to services outside your VPC

39
Q

When would you use transit gateway over VPC peering?

A

You have too many VPC’s to reasonably peer together

40
Q

What is DNS?

A

DNS is used to convert human friendly domain names into IP addresses

41
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

domain name system

42
Q

Where can you find the top level domain name in a URL?

A

the last phrase

43
Q

Where can you find the second level domain name?

A

the second phrase separated by periods.

44
Q

Who controls the top level domains?

A

Internet assigned numbers authority (IANA)

45
Q

What do NS records do?

A

Used by top level domain servers to direct traffic to the content DNS server that contains the authoritative DNS records

46
Q

What does SOA stand for?

A

start of authority

47
Q

What is an A record?

A

Address Record is the fundamental type of DNS record that is used by computers to translate the name of the domain to an IP address

48
Q

What is a TTL?

A

a time to live is the length that a DNS record is cached on either the resolving server or the user’s own local PC measured in seconds

49
Q

What does a lower TTL mean?

A

the changes to DNS records propagate faster throughout the internet

50
Q

What is a CNAME?

A

a canonical name can be used to map one domain name to another.

51
Q

Give an example of a CNAME

A

http://mobile.acloud.guru goes to http://acloud.guru

52
Q

Can a CNAME be used for naked domain names?

A

No

53
Q

Can Alias records be used for naked domain names?

A

Yes

54
Q

What is route 53?

A

Route 53 is Amazon’s DNS service

55
Q

What is an alias record?

A

A way to map domain names to a each other

56
Q

What are 4 common DNS record types?

A

SOA records, CNAME records, NS records, A records

56
Q

What are 4 common DNS record types?

A

SOA records, CNAME records, NS records, A records

57
Q

What does a simple routing policy do?

A

It has one record for multiple IP addresses. If multiple values are in record, route 53 returns all values in a random order

58
Q

What does a weighted routing policy do?

A

Allows you split your traffic based on weights assigned to destinations

59
Q

If a record fails a health check, what happens?

A

Removed from route 53 until it passes health check

60
Q

How can you get alerted of a failed health record check?

A

SNS notifications

61
Q

When would you use a failover routing policy?

A

When you want to create an active passive set up

62
Q

What does geolocation routing do?

A

Geolocation let’s you choose where your traffic will be sent based on the geographic location of your users

63
Q

What does route 53 traffic flow do?

A

Allows you to build routing system that uses a combination of geographic location, latency, and availability to route traffic

64
Q

What is required to use geoproximity routing?

A

A traffic flow routing policy

65
Q

What does geoproximity routing do?

A

Allows you to route traffic to your resources based on geographic location of your users and your resources

66
Q

What is a latency routing policy?

A

Allows you to route traffic based on lowest network latency for end user

67
Q

What is a multi value answer routing policy?

A

Route 53 only returns values for healthy resources

68
Q

What is ELB?

A

Elastic load balancing automatically distributed incoming traffic across multiple targets

69
Q

What are the three types of load balancers?

A

Application load balancer, network load balancer, classic load balancer

70
Q

What type of load balancer scan be configured with health checks?

A

All types

71
Q

Does an ELB automatically stop sending requests to an unhealthy instance?

A

Yes

72
Q

What does it mean to be a layer 7 load balancer?

A

It operates at the 7 the layer of the open systems interconnection model: the application level

73
Q

What does each rule regarding an ELB contain?

A

Each rule consists of a priority, at least one action, and at least one condition

74
Q

What are the two kinds of listener an application load balancer supports?

A

Http and https

75
Q

What is a listener?

A

A listener checks for connection requests from clients using the protocol and port you configure in your ELB

76
Q

What layers of the OSI model does the network load balancer operate at?

A

The fourth layer: transport layer

77
Q

What type of load balancer offers the highest performance?

A

Network load balancer

78
Q

How does network load balancers use intelligent routing?

A

They cannot do intelligence based routing because they have no rules

79
Q

What are target groups?

A

Target groups route requests to one or more registered targets

80
Q

What are network load balancers best suited for?

A

Load balancing of TCP traffic

81
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

82
Q

Can network load balancers decrypt traffic?

A

Yes

83
Q

What error means that a gateway has timed out?

A

A 504 error

84
Q

If you need the iPv4 address of end user, what should you look for?

A

The X-forwarded-for header

85
Q

What are sticky sessions?

A

Binds a user’s session to a specific EC2 instance

86
Q

What is deregistration delay?

A

Allows load balancers to keep existing connections open if the EC2 instances are deregistered or become unhealthy

87
Q

If you want to complete inflight requests made to an unhealthy or deregistered instance, what should you use?

A

Deregistration delay

AWS (18 decks)

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