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Fullstack > Networking > Flashcards

Networking Flashcards

1
Q

Default Gateway

A

IPv4 address of the router that is connected to other subnets (or the external internet, if necessary)

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2
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: a way for a machine to reference itself

A

Loopback Address or “home”

Range: 127.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.254

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3
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: when packets are sent, they are sent to every device on the subnet

A

Broadcast Address - last address in a subnet is typically reserved for the broadcast address

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4
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: second number in a subnet (the first number, “.0”, is reserved for the network name)

A

Router Address - “.1”

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5
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

A

Reserved for future use and research; “Experimental” - Class E

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6
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

A

Multicast addresses; Class D

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7
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

A

Class C

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8
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: 128.0.0.0. - 191.255.255.255

A

Class B

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9
Q

Special / Reserved IP Addresses: 1.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

A

Class A; 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 reserved for use as loopback addresses

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10
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

Provides connection-oriented service at the transport layer, with guaranteed delivery; establishes a session; can retransmit dropped packets

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11
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

Provides connectionless service at the transport layer

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12
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

Operates at the application layer

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13
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

Connectionless network layer protocol

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14
Q

65,535 possible ports (131, 070 total ports)

A

TCP & UDP

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15
Q

Well-Known Ports: 1 - 1023

A

Typically used at end of server where well-known services are running (not typically used when selecting ports to start communication from)

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16
Q

Registered Ports: 1024 - 49151

A

Vendors can register these ports

17
Q

Ephemeral (temporary) Ports: 49152 - 65535

A

Picked randomly by client machines during the 3-way handshake

18
Q

PORT: 21, 21 (TCP)

A

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

19
Q

PORT: 22 (TCP)

A

Secure Shell (SSH) - an encrypted remote command line interface

20
Q

PORT: 23 (TCP)

A

Telenet - an UNencrypted remote command line interface

21
Q

PORT: 25 (TCP)

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) - UNencrypted agent to send / receive email

22
Q

PORT: 80 (TCP)

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTYTP) - UNencrypted data transfer for web pages

23
Q

PORT: 443 (TCP)

A

HTTPS - HTTP Secure - encrypted data transfer for web pages

24
Q

PORT: 3389 (TCP)

A

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) - an encrypted remote graphical user interface

25
Q

PORT: 53 (UDP)

A

Domain Name Server (DNS) - resolve domain names to IP addresses; unencrypted

26
Q

PORT: 67, 68 (UDP)

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - automatically handles network configuration and IP address leasing to devices connecting to a network; unencrypted

27
Q

PORT: 123 (UDP)

A

Network Time Protocol (NTP) - clock synchronization between network devices; unencrypted

28
Q

PORT: 161, 162 (UDP)

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - protocol to manage, modify, and collect information on network devices; Version 3 is encrypted

29
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Message Control Protocol - OSI Layer 3 (Network) - communicate information about network connectivity issues back to the source of the compromised transmission; packets send to determine if target host is connected to the network or not

30
Q

Ping

A

a way to detect is a target host is on or offline

31
Q

traceroute

A

a way to enumerate all the routers in between the client and the target host; increments time-to-live, plus one

Fullstack (1 decks)

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