Networking Flashcards
Bus Topology
Host devices are connected to one centralized cable or hardware device by twisted pair wiring. Network travel goes both directions, so collisions can happen.
Full Mesh Topology
All devices are connected to each other for redundancy. This is the most reliable, but it is expensive and time consuming because everything must be connected.
Star Topology
A central device connects to network and host devices using twisted pair wiring.
Ring Topology
All devices are connected using a single cable, and data is routed to each device. This avoids data collisions, but it is susceptible to the whole system failing if one node fails.
Dual Ring Topology
Two rings enable data to be sent in opposite directions, creating redundancy. If one ring fails, the other continues to transmit data.
Logical Topology
The logical representation of a network. May differ from the physical topology.
Cat 5e
Cable rating that denotes 100 MHz frequency, 100 MBS data performance, 100 m channel length limit, a max data speed of 1 GBPS, and a length limit at max of 100 m. Can handle 1G ethernet.
Cat 6
Cable rating that denotes 250 MHz frequency, 1 GBPS data performance, 100 m channel length limit, a max data speed of 10 GBPS, and a length limit at max of 37 m. Can handle 10G ethernet for a length up to 55 m.
Cat 6a
Cable rating that denotes 500 MHz frequency, 10 GBPS data performance, 100 m channel length limit, a max data speed of 10 GBPS, and a length limit at max of 100 m.
OSI layers
Application layer, presentation layer, session layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, physical layer. Layers 7 to 1 descending: All People Seem To Need Data Processing. Layers 1 to 7 ascending: Please Do Not Touch Steve’s Pet Alligator.
Application Layer (OSI)
Interface between software applications and the network. Telnet, HTTP, FTP, SSH. Data.
Presentation Layer (OSI)
Handles encryption, message formatting, and compression. ASCII, JPEG, PNG. Data.
Session Layer (OSI)
Manages applications and establishes, maintains, and terminates user connections. Operating systems, scheduling. Data.
Transport Layer (OSI)
Provides reliable or best-effort data delivery with optional error and flow control. TCP, UDP. Segments.
Network Layer (OSI)
Provides logical end-to-end network addressing and routing. IP. Packets. Uses Router.
Data Link Layer (OSI)
Uses MAC addresses to access network devices. Provides error detection but no correction. 802.3, 802.2, HDLC, FDDI, PPP, Frame relay. Frames. Uses Switch, Bridge.
Physical Layer (OSI)
Bit stream. Specifies voltage, wire speed, and cable pin outs. EAI/TIA, V.35. Bits. Hub, Repeater, NIC.
TCP/IP layers
Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access
Application Layer (TCP/IP)
Provides network services to applications via services and protocols. Sockets and port numbers are used to differentiate the path and sessions on which applications operate. Message formatting and compression is provided. Telnet, HTTP, FTP, SSH, JPG, Operating Systems Scheduling. Data.
Transport Layer (TCP/IP)
Provides reliable or best-effort data delivery with optional error and flow control. TCP, UDP. Segments.
Internet Layer (TCP/IP)
Provides logical end-to-end network addressing and routing. IP. Packets. Router
Network Access Layer (TCP/IP)
Encapsulates IP packets into frames for transmission. Maps IP addresses to physical hardware addresses (MAC addresses) and uses protocols for physical data transmission. 802.3, 802.2, HDLC, FDDI, PPP, Frame Relay. Frames, Bits. Switch, Bridge, Hub, Repeater, NIC.
IPv4
Address composed of four octets between 0 and 255 (between 00000000 and 11111111) separated by ‘.’ Always 4 bytes, or 32 bits, long.
Address Class A
0xxxxxxx, 1 to 127, 1.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254
