Network Types Flashcards
What network type is centered around a person and their devices?
PAN
What network type allows for various devices, such as desktop, laptop, smartphones, etc?
PAN
What network type consists of computers within a limited area, like a home, lab, or office building?
LAN
Most often LANs use what to connect the network devices?
Ethernet, WI-FI, or both
What network type is a LAN with wireless connectivity and is popular for small businesses?:
wlan
What network type allows access to storage devices and allows servers to access devices such as tape libraries and disk arrays?
SAN
What network type provides networking of multiple LANS across a university campus or groups of buildings?
CAN
What network type provides networking across a larger area than a CAN, like a city?
MAN
What network type covers a large geographic area, like a global business or government bodies?
WAN
What are the two network type models?
CLient-Server and Peer-to-Peer
Which network model has a distinct server that stores data and a distinct client that requests from it?
Client-server
Which network model connects machines that can both store data and request data from each other?
Peer-to-Peer
Bitcoin and Tor are examples of what?
Peer-to-Peer models
What network topology has a single line of devices connected by one shared network cable?
Bus
In what network topology, do the computers connect to the network by physically tapping into the network with special connectors,which allows the network cable to remain one continuous conduit?
Bus
What topology has the requirement that the ends of the cable must be properly terminated with special electrical resistors called terminators?
Bus
If the network cable in a bus topology is cut, what will happen?
Signal Reflection
What is the term for a network in bus topology that is extended by adding segments of cable at either end of the existing cable?
Network segment
Computers in a bus topology communicate how? This term means that you can either send or receive data, but not do both at the same time.
half-duplex mode
The network cable in a bus topology is a what that means that all computers attached to the network will receive any and all traffic sent on the network?
Shared communications medium
Computers in a bus topology have to listen for a clear time to send their data or be faced with a what that forces everyone to stop sending until the line clears?
Collision
What network topology was designed to avoid the concept of collision that was an issue with bus topology?
Ring topology
What term allows the network cable in a ring topology to remain a shared medium but controls traffic?
Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI)
In what network topology, does the cable enters a port on the network card exits a port on its way out to the next computer on the network?
Ring topology
Dual rings can be used in the ring topology to allow for what?
High availability
What network topology is also known as a hub-and-spoke network?
Star topology
The what network topology is comprised of a central network device, such as an Ethernet switch, connected to various network devices like servers, computers and printers?
Star topology
What network topology is most common on LANs?
Start topology
What happens is a break occurs in a star topology?
Only one device is severed
What happens if the central switch fails in a star topology?
Everything fails
What network topology is often drawn as a web of direct connections between computers or nodes?
Mesh topology
What network topology is commonly used when the network needs high availability and redundancy is needed?
Mesh topology
What behavior in a mesh topology describes how nodes in the mesh are aware of each other and can establish new connections around failed nodes?
Self-healing network
In the early days of mainframe computers, nearly all computing and network power was blank in large datacenters?
Centralized
In the old centralized system, users log in to machines called what?
Dumb terminals
In the early days, all programming and functionality were contained where?
In the mainframe
In the old centralized system, what accepted commands and rendered a display with the results?
Dumb terminal
Today, what has lead a resurgence of centralization?
Cloud computing
A web browser functions like what type of architecture in that it doesn’t perform complex calculations?
Centralization
What are two great benefits of centralization?
Security and availability
What is an approach that puts the computing power in the user’s device rather than a datacenter?
Decentralization
Decentralization become possible when what was popularized in the late 1980s?
Microcomputers
Users storing data on cassette tapes or floppy drives before hard drives became reasonably priced and lack of backing up or storing data securely was an issue with what?
Decentralization
One drawback of decentralization was what that meant data could fall into the wrong hands?
local security
Data created by one user could be incompatible with the operating system of another user is an example of a drawback of what method?
Decentralization
Name three advantages of decentralization?
1) Process without a network connection
2) Ideal for portable systems
3) lack of a single point of failure
What model is very popular with email and databases?
Client/Server
Blank applications tend to store data in the datacenter, but may leverage the computing power of the user’s client computer to perform some tasks.
Client/Server
The client/server model allows application designers to implement what?
Advanced User Interfaces
What is one challenge with client/server applications?
Data inconsistency due to multiple users
In what model, do client computers act as both the servers and workstations?
P2P
Blank does not depend on whether your network is wired, wireless or a mixture of two. The difference comes down to portability vs stability?
Network Architecture
Blank is often associated with VMs operating as servers within a datacenter, but it can include many different types of hardware?
Virtualization
What does VM stand for?
Virtual machines
Servers, workstations, storage and even network devices can all be what?
Virtualized
What term describes the technique of converting a hardware-based resource into software?
Virtualization
Today, virtualization allows blank to host many different virtual machines or to create network devices on demand, such as virtual routers and firewalls.
One physical server
Virtualization relies on a special type of software known as what that creates the virtual hardware for devices
Hypervisors
Name two types of hypervisors
Open source and commercial
All blank have one thing in common. They use software to create the illusion of hardware.
Hypervisors
The operating system of a VM is referred to as what?
Guest OS
The operating system of a computer that has a VM is referred to as what?
Host OS
The hypervisor provides the VM and therefore the guest OS access to what?
The physical CPU and RAM
What are the two types of hypervisors?
1) Type 1 (bare metal)
2) Type 2 (hosted)
What type of hypervisor typically requires dedicated hardware and are installed on a machine’s operating system. They are more common in datacenters than homes.
Type 1 (bare metal)
What type of hypervisor looks and feels like any other app that you may run on your laptop?
Type 2 (hosted)
Type 1 hypervisors differ from type 2 in the way they are blank.
Installed
VMware ESX and open-source KVM hypervisor are intended to be installed on what?
A dedicated bare metal server
What type of hypervisor presents very little information on the console screen of the host computer?
Type 1 (bare metal)
What type of hypervisors is installed on an application on personal computers or laptops?
Type 2 (hosted)
In a type 2 hypervisor, the hypervisor is competing with what with all running applications?
hardware resources
In a type 2 hypervisor, the hypervisor does not have direct and unrestricted access to what?
Physical hardware
