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network+ > Network Theory > Flashcards

Network Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Network Models

A

A network design specification for how the nodes on a network interact and communicate.

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2
Q

Physical Network Topologies

A

A topology that describes a network’s physical layout and shape.

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3
Q

Logical Network Topologies

A

A topology that describes the data-flow patterns in a network

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4
Q

Computer Networks

A

is a group of computers that are connected together to communicate and share network resources such as files and peripheral devices.

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5
Q

Network Components

A

are several common components that make up a computer network, each of which performs a specific task.

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6
Q

*Device

A

Hardware such as computers, servers, printers, fax machines, switches, and routers.

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7
Q

*Physical media

A

Media that connects devices to a network and transmits data between the devices.

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8
Q

*Network adapter

A

Hardware that translates data between the network and a device.

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9
Q

*Network operating system

A

Software that controls network traffic and access to common network resources.

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10
Q

Nodes

A

A node, commonly referred to as a workstation or a client, is any device that can connect to a network and generate, process, or transfer data.

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11
Q

*Redistribution point

A

are nodes that transfer data, such as a network switch or a router.

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12
Q

*Endpoints

A

Endpoints are nodes that function as a source or destination for data transfers

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13
Q

The Network Backbone

A

is a very-high speed transmission path that carries the majority of the network data.

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14
Q

*Serial

A

Consists of multiple switches connected by one backbone cable. Typically not scaled for enterprise-wide use.

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15
Q

*Distributed/ hierarchical

A

Consists of multiple switches connected serially to hubs or routers. Due to their hierarchical structure, these networks can be easily expanded without a significant cost impact.

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16
Q

*Collapsed

A

Uses a router or switch as the nexus for several subnetworks.

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17
Q

*Parallel

A

Suits enterprise-wide applications. Like the collapsed backbone network, the parallel backbone network uses a central router or switch but augments the dependent switches with multiple cable connections.

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18
Q

Servers

A

is a network computer that shares resources with and responds to request from computers, devices, and other servers on the network.

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19
Q

Clients

A

is an network compter that utilizes the resources of other network computers, including other clients.

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20
Q

Peer Computers

A

is a self-sufficient computer that acts as both a server and a client to other compouters on a network.

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21
Q

Host Computers

A

is a powerful, centralized computer system, such as a mainframe computer, that performs data storage and processing tasks on behalf of clients and other network devices.

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22
Q

Terminals

A

is a specialized device on a host-based network that transmits data a user enters to a host for processing and displays the results

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23
Q

Terminal emulator

A

Software that enables a standard client computer to appear to a host computer as a dedicated terminal.

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24
Q

Local Area Networks(LANs)

A

is a self-contained network that spans a small area, such as a single building, floor, or room.

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25
Q

LAN Administrator Duties

A

are responsibel for managing and maintaining the local network.

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26
Q

Wide Area Networks(WANs)

A

is a network that sspans a large area, often across multiple geographical locations. WANs typically connect multuple LANS and other networks using long-range transmission media.

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27
Q

WAN Administrator Duties

A

handles more complex technical issues than LAN administrators, and focus on resolving network issues rather than users issues.

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28
Q

Network Coverage Areas

A

is a geographical area of coverage depending on the network categories.

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29
Q

*MAN

A

Covers an area equivalent to a city or other municipality.

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30
Q

*CAN

A

Covers an area equivalent to an academic campus or business park. A CAN is typically owned or used exclusively by an entity.

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31
Q

*PAN

A

Connects two to three computers with cables and is most often seen in small or home offices.

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32
Q

*WPAN

A

Connects wireless devices in very close proximity but not through a Wireless Access Point (WAP). Infrared and Bluetooth are some technologies used for connecting devices in a WPAN.

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33
Q

The Internet

A

Is the singel largest golobal WAN, linkking viertually every country in the world.

34
Q

Internet Protocol(IP)

A

A connectionless Network-layer protocol that is repsonsible for sending data packets across a network.

35
Q

IP Address

A

is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication

36
Q

ICANN

A

(Internet Corporation for Assinged Names and Numbers) A non-profit corporation that assings unique identifications on the Internet, such as domain names, IP addresses, and extension names

37
Q

ISOC

A

(Internet Society) A non-profit organization that oversees standareds and practices for the Internet.

38
Q

Autonomous System(AS)

A

A self-contained network on the Internet that deploys a single protocol and ahs a single administrations.

39
Q

Intranets

A

is a private network that uses Internet protocals and services to share a company’s information with its employees.

40
Q

Extranets

A

is a private network that grants controlled access to users outside of the network.

41
Q

Enterprise Networks

A

is a network that includes elements of both local and wide area networks.

42
Q

Network Models

A

is a design specification for how the nodes on a netwok are constructed to interact and communicate.

43
Q

Segments

A

A segment is a physical subdivision of a netwok that links a number of devices, or servers as a connection between tow nodes

44
Q

Segmenting for Performance

A

Is a process whereas nodes communicate on the segement to improve proformance.

45
Q

Centralized Networks

A

is a computer network in which a central host computer controls all network communication, and performs data processing and storage on behalf of clients. The terms “hierachical network and “host-based-network” can also be used to describe centralized networks

46
Q

Decentralized Networks

A

In a decentralized network eah peer can connect directly with other peers without being mandaged by a central server.

47
Q

Client/Server Networks

A

A client/server network is a nertwork in which servers proviced resources to clients.

48
Q

Peer-to-Peer Networks

A

A peer -to-peer network is a network in which resource sharing, processing, and communications control are completely decentralized .

49
Q

Mixed Mode Networks

A

A mixed modce network incorporates elements form more than one of the three starndard network models.

50
Q

*Termianl Emulators

A

Software that enables a standard client computer to appear to a host computer as a dedicated terminal.

51
Q

Topology

A

a topology is an network specifications that determines the network’s overall layout, singnaling, and data flow patterns.

52
Q

Point-to-point Connections

A

A point-to-point connections is a direct connection between two nodes on a network.

53
Q

Multipoint Connections

A

Multipoint connections are connections between multiple nodes. Each multipoint connection has more than two endpoints.

54
Q

Radiated Connections or Broadcast Connections

A

is a wireless point-to-point or multipoint connnections between device. Ex. Wireless LAN, infrared, and Wi-Fi networks.

55
Q

Wireless LAN(WLANs)

A

Wireless Local Area Network) A self-contained network of two or more computers connected using a wireless connection.

56
Q

Infrared

A

light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometres (nm) to 1 mm.

57
Q

Wi-Fi

A

is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet wirelessly using radio waves

58
Q

IEEE 802.11

A

An IEEE standard that specifies an over-the-air interface between a wireless client and a base station or between two wireless clients.

59
Q

Physical Topologies

A

A physcial toplogy describes a network’s wiring layout or shape.

60
Q

Bus Topology

A

A physical bus topology is a network topology in which the nodes are arranged in a linear format, and a T-connector connects each node directly to the network cable.

61
Q

*Terminator

A

A network component attached to the ends of a network cable that can impede or absorb signals so they cannot reflect onto the cable.

62
Q

*T-connector

A

is an electrical connector that connects three cables together. It is usually in the shape of a capital T. It is usually used for coax cables and the three connector points can be either female or male gender, and could be different or the same standard, such as F type BNC or N type.

63
Q

Signal bounce

A

A condition in which the signals endlessly move from one end of a cable to the other end.

64
Q

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

A

Is easy to implement but can be unreliable, because the entire bus fails if there is a break in the network cable. Cannot support multiple pairs of terminals at the same time. Transmits data slower than the other topologies as only two nodes can communicate at any time.

65
Q

Star Topology

A

A physical star topology is a network topology that uses a central connectivity device, such as a switch, with individual physical connections to each node.

66
Q

Ring Topology

A

A physical ring is a network topolgy in which each node is connected to the two nearest nodes: the upsstream and downstrewam neighbors. All nodes are connected to form a ring. Data flow in a unidirectional to avoid conllisions

67
Q

The Dual Ring Topology

A

Dual ring toplogy uses to rings with each ring carrying data in opposite directions. Dual rings allow for much faster tranmissions of data.

68
Q

Mesh Topology

A

A Mesh toplogy is an netwok topology in which each node is dierectly connected to every other node, similar to the physcial pint-to-point topology

69
Q

The Partial Mesh Topology

A

is a variation of the mesh topolgy in which onldy a few notes have dierct links with all the other nodes.

70
Q

Tree Topology

A

is a network topoly in which a chentral, or rootnode is hierachically connedted to one or more second-level nodes, which are one level lowere in the hierarchy.

71
Q

branching factor

A

Is the process whereas each node in the network has the same number of lower-level nodes connected.

72
Q

Hybrid Topology

A

is any topology that exhibits the charachteristics of moer than one standard topology.

73
Q

*Star-bus

A

Linking the central nodes of some star networks using a common bus. Inside each subnetwork, data will flow similar to a star network and each of these star networks will be treated as a node on the larger bus network. To move data from one subnetwork to another it has to be placed on the common bus

74
Q

*Star-of-stars

A

Connecting the central nodes of two or more star networks with a new common node. To move data from one subnetwork to another, it must be routed through the new common node

75
Q

*Star-ring

A

Connecting the central nodes of multiple star networks in a ring. The data flow between different subnetworks is through this ring.

76
Q

Logical Topologies

A

A logical topology describes the paths through which data moves.

77
Q

Bus Topology

A

is a network topology in which nodes receive the data transmitted all at the same time, regardless of the physical wiring layout of the network.

78
Q

Ring Topology

A

is a network topology in which each node receives data only from its upstream neighbor and retransmits data only to its downstream neighbor, regardless of the physical layout of the network.

79
Q

Star Topology

A

implementation is less common than a logical ring or a logical bus. In a logical star topology, although all nodes are wired onto the same bus cable, a central device polls each node to check to see if it needs to transmit data.

80
Q

multiplexer (mux)

A

Connecting the central nodes of multiple star networks in a ring fashion.

network+ (16 decks)

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