Network Defense (NetDef) Course Final Exam Flashcards
What is a characteristics of a layered defense-in-depth security approach?
When one device fails, another one takes over
One safeguard failure does not affect the effectiveness of other safeguards
Three or more devices are used
Routers are replaced with firewalls
One safeguard failure does not affect the effectiveness of other safeguards.
What device would be used asa third line of defense in a defense-in-depth approach?
internal router
edge router
host
firewall
internal router
Match the Security Onion Tool
high-level cybersecurity analysis console -
packet capture application -
network-based intrusion detection system -
host-based intrusion detection system -
piece them together w/ these answers:
Wireshark
Sguil
Snort
OSSEC
high-level cybersecurity analysis console
(Sguil)
packet capture application
(Wireshark)
network-based intrusion detection system
(Snort)
host-based intrusion detection system
(OSSEC)
Which wireless standard made AES and CCM mandatory?
WEP
WEP2
WPA
WPA2
WPA2
In a comparison of biometric systems, what is the crossover error rate?
rate of acceptability and rate of false negatives
rate of rejection and rate of false negatives
rate of false negatives and rate of false positives
rate of false positives and rate of acceptability
rate of false negatives and rate of false positives
What are two recommended steps to protect and secure a wireless network? (Choose two.)
Use WPA2-AES encryption
Use the default SSID
Update firmware
Locatel the wireless router where it is accessible to users.
Enable remote management
Use WPA2-AES encryption
Update firmware
What is a feature of virtual LANs (VLANs)?
A single collision domain is enabled on a switch that is shared between VLANs.
Communication between different VLANs on the one switch is enabled by default.
Switch port utilization is decreased because each port is only associated with one broadcast domain.
Logical segmentation is provided by creating multiple broadcast domains on a single switch.
Logical segmentation is provided by creating multiple broadcast domains on a single switch.
What is an example of privilege escalation attack?
A DDoS attack is launched against a goverment server and causes the server to crash.
A port scanning attack finds that the FTP service is running on a server that allows anonymous access.
A threat actor sends an email to an IT manager to request the root access.
A threat actor performs an access attack and gain the administrator password.
A threat actor performs an access attack and gain the administrator password.
What is the principle behind the nondiscretionary access control model?
It applies the strictest access control possible
It allows access based on attributes of the object be to accessed.
It allows access decisions to be based on roles and responsibilities of a user within the organization.
It allows users to control access to their data as owners of that date.
it allows access decisions to be based on roles and repsonsibilities of a user within the organization.
Which two features are included by both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols? (Choose two.)
utilization of transport layer protocols
separate authentication and authorization processes
password encryption
802.1X support
SIP support
utilization of transport layer protocols
password encryption
Refer to the exhibit. A router has an existing ACL that permits all traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network. The administrator attempts to add a new ACE to the ACL that denies packets from host 172.16.0.1 and receives the error message that is shown in the exhibit. What action can the administrator take to block packets from host 172.16.0.1 while still permitting all other traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network?
Create a second access list denying the host and apply it to the same interface.
Manually add the new deny ACE with a sequence number of 15.
Manually add the new deny ACE with a sequence number of 5.
Add a deny any any ACE to access-list 1
Manually add the new deny ACE with a sequence number of 5.
Which command is used to activate an IPv6 ACL named ENG_ACL on an interface so that the router filters traffic prior to accessing the routing table?
ipv6 traffic-filter ENG_ACL in
ipv6 traffic-filter ENG_ACL out
ipv6 access-class ENG_ACL out
ipv6 access-class ENG_ACL in
ipv6 traffic-filter ENG_ACL in
In which configuration would an outbound ACL placement be preferred over an inbound ACL placement?
when the ACL is applied to an outbound interface to filter packets coming from multiple inbound interfaces before the packets exit the interface
when an outbound ACL is closer to the source of the traffic flow
when an interface is filtered by an outbound ACL and the network attached to the interface is the source network being filtered within the ACL
when a router has more than one ACL
when the ACL is applied to an outbound interface to filter packets coming from multiple inbound interfaces before the packets exist the interface.
What are two differences between stateful and stateless firewalls? (Choose two.)
A stateless firewall is abe to filter sessions that use dynamic port negotitations while a stateful firewal cannot.
A stateless firewall will examine each packet individually while a stateful firewall observes the state of a connection.
stateless firewall provides more stringent control over security than a stateful firewall.
A stateless firewall will provide more logging information than a stateful firewall.
A stateful firewall will prevent spoofing by determining whether packets belong to an existing connection while a stateless firewall follows pre-configured rule sets.
A stateless firewall will examine each packet individually while a stateful firewall observes the state of a connection.
A stateful firewall will prevent spoofing by determining whether packets belong to an existing connection while a stateless firewall follows pre-configured rule sets.
Which statement describes a typical security policy for a DMZ firewall configuration?
Traffic that originates from the inside interface is generally blocked entirely or very selectively permitted to the outside interface.
Traffic that originates from the DMZ interface is selectively permitted to the outside interface.
Return traffic from the inside that is associated with traffic originating from the outside is permitted to traverse from the inside interface to the outside interface.
Traffic that originates from the outside interface is permitted to traverse the firewall to the inside interface with few or no restrictions.
Return traffic from the outside that is associated with traffic originating from the inside is permitted to traverse from the outside interface to the DMZ interface.
Traffic that originates from the DMZ interface is selectively permitted to the outside interface.
Which type of firewall makes use of a proxy server to connect to remote servers on behalf of clients?
stateless firewall
application gateway firewall
stateful firewall
packet filtering firewall
application gateway firewall
What is the result in the self zone if a router is the source or destination of traffic?
Only traffic that is destined for the router is permitted.
Only traffic that originates in the router is permitted.
No traffic is permitted.
All traffic is permitted.
All traffic is permitted
Designing a ZPF requires several steps. Which step involves dictating the number of devices between most-secure and least-secure zones and determining redundant devices?
identify subsets within zones and merge traffic requirements
design the physical infrastructure
establish policies between zones
determine the zones
design the physical infrastructure
Which statement describes Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall operation?
The pass action works in only one direction.
Router management interfaces must be manually assigned to the self zone.
Service policies are applied in interface configuration mode.
A router interface can belong to multiple zones.
The pass action works in only one direction.
Which cloud security domain describes related to securing the data itself?
Data Security and Encryption
Application Security
Security as a Service
Infrastructure Security
Data Seecurity and Encryption
Which two advantages in security controls are provided by software-defined networks (SDN) over traditional network security solutions? (Choose two.)
offer more security features than hardware firewalls
easier insertion into the traffic path
apply to assets based on more flexible criteria than hardware firewalls
easier network isolation without constraints of physical hardware
higher performance than hardware firewalls
apply to assets based on more flexible criteria than hardware firewalls
easier network isolation without constraints of physical hardware
higher performance than hardware firewalls
What is the function of SDKs in application development?
to provide a repository of code to reduce time and cost of application development
to maintain data integrity and identify malicious input
to store precompiled SQL statements that execute tasks
to verify software can run under required security settings
to prevent software from being reverse engineered by replacing sensitive data with fictional data
to provide a repository of code to reduce time and cost of application development
A company is using a public cloud provider to host its software development and distribution processes. What two cloud resources is the company solely responsible for in the shared security responsibility model? (Choose two.)
network control
customer endpoints
application
data
identity management
customer endpoints
data
A company implements a security policy that ensures that a file sent from the headquarters office to the branch office can only be opened with a predetermined code. This code is changed every day. Which two algorithms can be used to achieve this task? (Choose two.)
MD5
AES
SHA-1
HMAC
3DES
AES
3DES
What are two methods to maintain certificate revocation status? (Choose two.)
CRL
OCSP
subordinate CA
LDAP
DNS
CRL
OCSP
Before data is sent out for analysis, which technique can be used to replace sensitive data in nonproduction environments to protect the underlying information?
steganography
steganalysis
software obfuscation
data masking substitution
data masking substituition
Which technology would be used to create the server logs generated by network devices and reviewed by an entry level network person who works the night shift at a data center?
ACL
VPN
NAT
syslog
syslog
Which two application layer protocols manage the exchange of messages between a client with a web browser and a remote web server? (Choose two.)
HTTPS
DNS
HTML
DHCP
HTTP
HTTPS
HTTP
How can IMAP be a security threat to a company?
It can be used to encode stolen data and send to a threat actor.
An email can be used to bring malware to a host.
Encrypted data is decrypted.
Someone inadvertently clicks on a hidden iFrame.
An email can be used to bring malware to a host.
Refer to the exhibit. Which technology generated the event log?
web proxy
syslog
Netflow
Wireshark
Netflow
Which two tools have a GUI interface and can be used to view and analyze full packet captures? (Choose two.)
Wireshark
Splunk
Cisco Prime Network Analysis Module
nfdump
tcpdump
Wireshark
Cisco Prime Network Analysis Module
Which information can be provided by the Cisco NetFlow utility?
source and destination UDP port mapping
security and user account restrictions
peak usage times and traffic routing
IDS and IPS capabilities
peak usage times and traffic routing
A network administrator is reviewing server alerts because of reports of network slowness. The administrator confirms that an alert was an actual security incident. What is the security alert classification of this type of scenario?
false positive
true negative
true positive
false negative
true positive
A network administrator is trying to download a valid file from an internal server. However, the process triggers an alert on a NMS tool. What condition describes this alert?
false positive
true positive
false negative
true negative
false positive
What is indicated by a Snort signature ID that is below 3464?
This is a custom signature developed by the organization to address locally observed rules.
The SID was created by Sourcefire and distributed under a GPL agreement.
The SID was created by the Snort community and is maintained in Community Rules.
The SID was created by members of EmergingThreats.
The SID was created by Sourcefire and distributed under a GPL agreement
A network administrator is setting up a web server for a small advertising office and is concerned with data availability. The administrator wishes to implement disk fault tolerance using the minimum number of disks required. Which RAID level should the administrator choose?
RAID 5
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 6
RAID 1
Which three security services are provided by digital signatures? (Choose three.)
authenticates the source
guarantees data has not changed in transit
provides data encryption
provides nonrepudiation using HMAC functions
provides confidentiality of digitally signed data
authenticates the destination
authenticates the source
guarantees data has not changed in transit
provides data encryption
A company is deploying a customer service web application on AWS. A network administrator is installing and configuring a VM instance. Which three actions should the administrator take to protect the VM? (Choose three.)
Disable unneeded ports and services.
Enforce account management policies.
Configure RAID to ensure storage fault tolerance.
Plan subnet placement.
Deploy an advanced firewall appliance.
Install an IPS appliance in the VM.
Disable unneeded ports and services.
Enforce account management policies.
Plan subnet placement.
What is the purpose of mobile device management (MDM) software?
It is used to create a security policy.
It is used to identify potential mobile device vulnerabilities.
It is used by threat actors to penetrate the system.
It is used to implement security policies, setting, and software configurations on mobile devices.
It is used to implement security policies, setting, and software configurations on mobile devices.
Which protocol would be used to provide security for employees that access systems remotely from home?
Telnet
WPA
SSH
SCP
SSH
A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?
automation
authorization
accounting
authentication
authorization
To facilitate the troubleshooting process, which inbound ICMP message should be permitted on an outside interface?
echo request
echo reply
time-stamp reply
time-stamp request
router advertisement
echo reply
Which two statements describe the effect of the access control list wildcard mask 0.0.0.15? (Choose two.)
The last four bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The first 32 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The first 28 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The first 28 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The last five bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The last four bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The last four bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The first 28 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
When implementing components into an enterprise network, what is the purpose of a firewall?
A firewall is a system that stores vast quantities of sensitive and business-critical information.
A firewall is a system that enforces an access control policy between internal corporate networks and external networks.
A firewall is a system that is designed to secure, monitor, and manage mobile devices, including corporate-owned devices and employee-owned devices.
A firewall is a system that inspects network traffic and makes forwarding decisions based solely on Layer 2 Ethernet MAC addresses.
A firewall is a system that enforces an access control policy between internal corporate networks and external networks.
Which ICMP message type should be stopped inbound?
unreachable
source quench
echo-reply
echo
echo
When ACLs are configured to block IP address spoofing and DoS flood attacks, which ICMP message should be allowed both inbound and outbound?
source quench
echo
unreachable
echo reply
source quench
What are two elements that form the PRI value in a syslog message? (Choose two.)
header
timestamp
facility
severity
hostname
facility
severity
Which two options are network security monitoring approaches that use advanced analytic techniques to analyze network telemetry data? (Choose two.)
NBAD
NBA
IPFIX
Snorby
Sguil
NetFlow
NBAD
NBA
What is a characteristic of a probabilistic analysis in an alert evaluation?
each event an inevitable result of antecedent causes
random variables that create difficulty in knowing the outcome of any given event with certainty
precise methods that yield the same result every time by relying on predefined conditions
analysis of applications that conform to application/networking standards
random variables that create difficulty in knowing the outcome of any given event with certainty
Match the security policy with the description.
identifies network application and uses that are acceptable to the organization -
specifies network device operating systems and end user application update procedures -
specifies authorizes persons that can have access to netwokr resources and identity verification procedures -
identifies howremote users can access a network and wha tis accessible via remote connectivity -
piece them together w/ these answers:
identification and authentication policy
network maintenance policy
remote access policy
acceptable use policy (AUP)
identifies network application and uses that are acceptable to the organization
(acceptable use policy (AUP))
specifies network device operating systems and end user application update procedures
(network maintenance policy)
specifies authorizes persons that can have access to netwokr resources and identity verification procedures
(identification and authentication policy)
identifies how remote users can access a network and wha tis accessible via remote connectivity
(remote access policy)
What are two physical security precautions that a business can take to protect its computers and systems? (Choose two.)
Replace software firewalls with hardware firewalls.
Perform daily data backups.
Ensure that all operating system and antivirus software is up to date.
Lock doors to telecommunications rooms.
Implement biometric authentication.
Lock doors to telecommunications rooms.
Implement biometric authentication.
Which hashing technology requires keys to be exchanged?
salting
AES
MD5
HMAC
HMAC
The IT department is tasked to implement a system that controls what a user can and cannot do on the corporate network. Which process should be implemented to meet the requirement?
a set of attributes that describes user access rights
observations to be provided to all employees
a biometric fingerprint reader
user login auditing
a set of attributes that describes user access rights
Which two keywords can be used in an access control list to replace a wildcard mask or address and wildcard mask pair? (Choose two.)
any
gt
some
all
host
most
any
host
What is the function of the pass action on a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall?
tracking the state of connections between zones
inspecting traffic between zones for traffic control
logging of rejected or dropped packets
forwarding traffic from one zone to another
forwarding traffic from one zone to another
Which statement describes the threat to a public cloud due to a poor cloud security architecture strategy?
when a cloud customer does not have full visibility into the cloud services
when user accounts or access privileges are not properly secured and are hijacked by threat actors
when a cloud customer employee, contractor, or business partner maliciously or unintentionally compromise the cloud service
when the shared security responsibilities between a cloud customer and cloud provider are not implemented correctly
when the shared security responsibilities between a cloud customer and cloud provider are not implemented correctly
A company is developing a security policy for secure communication. In the exchange of critical messages between a headquarters office and a branch office, a hash value should only be recalculated with a predetermined code, thus ensuring the validity of data source. Which aspect of secure communications is addressed?
origin authentication
data integrity
non-repudiation
data confidentiality
origin authentication
Which Windows log contains information about installations of software, including Windows updates?
security logs
application logs
setup logs
system logs
setup logs
For network systems, which management system addresses the inventory and control of hardware and software configurations?
vulnerability management
risk management
asset management
configuration management
configuration management
What are two uses of an access control list? (Choose two.)
ACLs can permit or deny traffic based upon the MAC address originating on the router.
Standard ACLs can restrict access to specific applications and ports.
ACLs can control which areas a host can access on a network.
ACLs assist the router in determining the best path to a destination.
ACLs provide a basic level of security for network access.
ACLs can control which areas a host can access on a network.
ACLs provide a basic level of security for network access.
When implementing a ZPF, what is the default security setting when forwarding traffic between two interfaces in the same zone?
Traffic between interfaces in the same zone is not subject to any policy and passes freely.
Traffic between interfaces in the same zone is blocked.
Traffic between interfaces in the same zone is selectively forwarded based on Layer 3 information.
Traffic between interfaces in the same zone is selectively forwarded based on the default policy restrictions.
Traffic between interfaces in the same zone is not subject to any policy and passes freely.
You have been asked to implement a data integrity program to protect data files that need to be electronically downloaded by the sales staff. You have decided to use the strongest hashing algorithm available on your systems. Which hash algorithm would you select?
AES
SHA-1
SHA-256
MD5
SHA-256
What is the purpose of a digital certificate?
It authenticates a website and establishes a secure connection to exchange confidential data.
It guarantees that a website has not been hacked.
It ensures that the person who is gaining access to a network device is authorized.
It provides proof that data has a traditional signature attached.
It authenticates a website and establishes a secure connection to exchange confidential data.
Which network logs contain information that a security analyst can use to determine if packets received from the web are in response to legitimate requests or are part of an exploit?
NetFlow logs
content filter logs
NBAR logs
proxy logs
proxy logs
Why can ACLs give a false sense of security if overly relied upon as a network security technology?
ACLs can be applied to network interfaces in one direction only.
ACLs only log denied traffic, not permitted traffic.
Packets are permitted by default when ACL statements don’t match.
Attackers can determine which IP addresses, protocols, and ports are allowed by ACLs.
Attackers can determine which IP addresses, protocols, and ports are allowed by ACLs.
Why must a network administrator consider more security features in addition to firewalls to achieve the best possible network security?
Experienced firewall specialists may not always be available, requiring the deployment of less complex security technologies.
Firewalls are expensive to implement, given that there are less expensive security technologies.
Firewall configuration often takes too much time, and network technicians are more effective if deployed in other security areas.
Firewalls typically do not stop intrusions from hosts within a network or zone.
Firewalls typically do not stop intrusions from hosts within a network or zone.
What is one of the first actions performed on Internet-connected smart devices before being put into service?
Connect the device to the network and download firmware updates.
Change the default administrator credentials.
Install the device in a physically secure environment.
Configure the device to communicate with a central server
Change the default administrator credentials.
What is an example of transaction data recorded by a network security monitoring tool?
source and destination port numbers of two network endpoints
requests and replies between the two network endpoints
source and destination IP addresses of two network endpoints
the IP code for the protocol in use
requests and replies between the two network endpoints
Which two statements describe the effects of the access control list wildcard mask 0.0.0.31? (Choose two.)
The first 27 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The first 31 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The last 5 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The last 5 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The last 27 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
The first 31 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The first 27 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched.
The last 5 bits of a supplied IP address will be ignored.
A cybersecurity analyst is going to verify security alerts using the Security Onion. Which tool should the analyst visit first?
Bro
ELK
CapME
Sguil
Sguil
Which term describes the ability of a web server to keep a log of the users who access the server, as well as the length of time they use it?
assigning permissions
authentication
accounting
authorization
accounting
An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?
The data is all there.
An exact copy cannot be made of a device.
The investigator found a USB drive and was able to make a copy of it.
The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
Refer to the exhibit. A security analyst is reviewing an alert message generated by Snort. What does the number 2100498 in the message indicate?
alert ip any any -> any any (msg:”GPL ATTACK_RESPONSE id check returned root”; content:”uid=0|28|root|29|”; fast_pattern:only; classtype:bad-unknown; sid:2100498; rev:8;)
the message length in bits
the Snort rule that is triggered
the session number of the message
the id of the user that triggers the alert
the Snort rule that is triggered
What does it indicate if the timestamp in the HEADER section of a syslog message is preceded by a period or asterisk symbol?
The timestamp represents the round trip duration value.
The syslog message indicates the time an email is received.
The syslog message should be treated with high priority.
There is a problem associated with NTP.
There is a problem associated with NTP.
A SOHO office is using a public cloud provider to host their website. The IT technician is choosing an approach to protect transaction data between the website and visitors from the internet. Which type of encryption key management method should the technician choose?
public key encryption
private key encryption
secret key encryption
shared-secret key encryption
public key encryption
What are two benefits offered by a zone-based policy firewall on a Cisco router? (Choose two.)
Any interface can be configured with both a ZPF and an IOS Classic Firewall.
Policies are applied to unidirectional traffic between zones.
Virtual and physical interfaces are put in different zones to enhance security.
Policies are defined exclusively with ACLs.
Policies provide scalability because they are easy to read and troubleshoot.
Policies are applied to unidirectional traffic between zones.
Policies provide scalability because they are easy to read and troubleshoot.
Why could network Syslog servers be a target for threat actors?
Syslog servers are usually not installed behind a firewall.
Syslog servers contain configurations and passwords for all devices on the network.
Syslog data could be encrypted by the attacker and used as ransomware.
Syslog servers could contain information that could lead to the detection of an exploit by a hacker.
Syslog servers could contain information that could lead to the detection of an exploit by a hacker.
What effect does the use of hashing have on stored passwords?
Less digital storage is required for user credentials that include hashed passwords.
Enforces the use of complex passwords.
The recovery of forgotten passwords is faster.
The password cannot be restored from the stored unique hash.
The password cannot be restored from the stored unique hash.
What is used by an application layer gateway to connect to remote servers on behalf of clients?
packet filter
stateful firewall
intrusion detection system
proxy server
proxy server
Which component of the zero trust security model focuses on secure access when an API, a microservice, or a container is accessing a database within an application?
workplace
workload
workflow
workforce
workload
Match the security concept to the description.
a weakness in a system -
a mechanism used to compromis an asset -
a potential danger to an asset -
the likelihood of undesireable consequences -
piece them together w/ these answers:
threat
vulnerability
exploit
risk
a weakness in a system
(vulnerability)
a mechanism used to compromis an asset
(exploit)
a potential danger to an asset
(threat)
the likelihood of undesireable consequences
(risk)
Place the steps for configuring zone-based policy (ZPF) firewalls in order from first to last.
Define traffic classes -
Assign zones to interfaces -
Create policies -
Apply policies -
Create zones -
piece them together w/ these answers:
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Define traffic classes
(2nd)
Assign zones to interfaces
(5th)
Create policies
(3rd)
Apply policies
(4th)
Create zones
(1st)
In a hierarchical CA topology, where can a subordinate CA obtain a certificate for itself?
from the root CA or another subordinate CA at the same level
from the root CA or another subordinate CA at a higher level
from the root CA or from self-generation
from the root CA only
from the root CA or another subordinate CA anywhere in the tree
from the root CA or another subordinate CA at a higher level
