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GCSE Computer Science > Network Connections And Protocols > Flashcards

Network Connections And Protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

Which type of network has alternative routes for data if one fails to work?

A

Mesh

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2
Q

What can high network traffic lead to?

A

Collisions in data packets resulting in transmission errors and the packets having to be resent

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3
Q

When a browser requests access to a host, the client computer contacts ???

A

The DNS

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4
Q

How many bits are in an IPv4?

A

32

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5
Q

How many bits are in an IPv6?

A

128

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6
Q

Which type of transmission media is more expensive?

Cable or wireless

A

Cable

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7
Q

What type of network topology requires more cabling?

Star or mesh

A

Mesh

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8
Q

How do copper wires transmit data?

A

As electrical signals

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9
Q

What can a high number of users on a network cause?

A

Network congestion, slowing down the network.

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10
Q

What factors can affect network performance?

5 marks

A
  • Bandwidth
  • Number of users
  • Transmission media
  • Error rate
  • Latency
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11
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet protocol

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12
Q

Which network topology has minimum network traffic?

A

Star

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13
Q

Which type of cabling transmits signals at a faster speed and over greater distances?

A

Fibre optic

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14
Q

Which network topography can you add more devices onto easily?

A

Star

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15
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The maximum amount of data that can pass through the medium per second

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16
Q

What is a standalone computer?

A

A computer not connected to any network

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17
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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18
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A network that covers a small geographical area usually located on a single site

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19
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide Area Network

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20
Q

What is a WAN?

A

A network that covers a large geographical area, often connecting LANs together

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21
Q

Who owns the hardware in a LAN?

A

The organisation using it

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22
Q

Who owns the hardware in a WAN?

A

Telecommunication companies who the connections are leased from.

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23
Q

What are LANs connected by?

A

Switches

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24
Q

What are WANs connected by?

A

Routers

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25
Q

How does the transmission media affect the performance of a network?

A

Different types of transmission media have different bandwidths:

  • Wired has a higher bandwidth than wireless
  • Fibre optic has a higher bandwidth than copper
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26
Q

What is latency?

A

The delay from transmitting data to receiving it

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27
Q

What type of network topology is the internet?

A

Partial mesh

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28
Q

What is a client-server network?

A

Any network where computers are linked to a central server

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29
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network?

A

A network where the computers are interconnected and not linked to a server

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30
Q

What are the advantages of client-server networks?

A
  • Easy to manage files
  • Easy to backup shared data
  • Easy to instal software updates to all computers
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31
Q

What are the disadvantages of client-server networks?

A
  • Requires IT specialists to maintain
  • All users will lose access if the server fails
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32
Q

What are the advantages of peer-to-peer networks?

A
  • Easy to maintain
  • Cheaper
  • No dependency on a single computer
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks?

A
  • Network is less secure
  • Users will need to manage their own backups
34
Q

What does a switch do?

A
  • Connect each computer in a network
  • When a data packet arrives, it sends it to the right computer
35
Q

What does a router do?

A
  • Connects networks
  • Sends data packets to a network closer to it’s destination
36
Q

What does NIC stand for?

A

Network Interface Card

37
Q

What does WAP stand for?

A

Wireless Access Point

38
Q

What does a NIC do?

A

Connect a device to a wired or wireless network

39
Q

What does a wireless access point do?

A

Connect wired devices to a wireless network

40
Q

What is the internet?

A

The worldwide connection of computer networks. The infrastructure not the content.

41
Q

What is hosting?

A

The storing of files and data on a web server (the host)

42
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name Server

43
Q

What does a DNS do?

A

Convert a URL into an IP address

44
Q

What is a host?

A

A server that stores files for other computers to access

45
Q

What does URL stand for?

A

Uniform Resource Locator

46
Q

What is the cloud?

A

Remote storage for data and files accessed through the internet

47
Q

What are the advantages of cloud storage?

A
  • You can access files from any location
  • Data is backed up for you
  • Larger storage capacity
48
Q

What are the disadvantages of cloud storage?

A
  • An internet connection is required to access data
  • Reliant on third party to carry out security procedures
49
Q

What are the advantages of a star network?

A
  • If one cable fails, then the other computers are not affected
  • Faster transfer of data due to less network traffic
50
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star network?

A
  • If the central switch fails, the whole network goes down
51
Q

Describe the topology of a star network

A

Each node is connected to a central switch

52
Q

What are the advantages of a mesh network?

A
  • If one cable fails, there are alternative routes for data to travel
  • Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously
53
Q

What are the disadvantages of a mesh network?

A
  • Expensive to install cabling
  • Difficult maintenance and administration
54
Q

What are the advantages of wireless networks?

A
  • New nodes can be easily added
  • Users can move around and still be connected
55
Q

What are the disadvantages of wireless networks?

A
  • Limited range
  • Security risk, encryption needed
  • Slower transfer of data compared to wired networks
56
Q

What is an IP address?

A

A unique address for each computer on a network

57
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

A unique address assigned to each NIC

58
Q

What is the difference between an IP address and a MAC address?

A

An IP address will change depending on the network and a MAC address will stay the same

59
Q

What causes network congestion?

A

Insufficient bandwidth

60
Q

What is an IPv4 address made up of?

A

4 sets of 3 digit numbers

61
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

62
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

63
Q

What does HTTPS stand for?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

64
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

65
Q

What does SMTP stand for?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

66
Q

What does IMAP stand for?

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

67
Q

What is TCP for?

A

To enable communication over the internet

SPLITS DATA INTO PACKETS

68
Q

What is HTTP for?

A

Governing communication between a web server and a client

69
Q

What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

A

HTTPS inclues encryption when data is transferred over the internet

70
Q

What is FTP for?

A

Governing the transmission of files across a network

71
Q

What is SMTP for?

A

Governing the sending of an email over a network to a mail server

72
Q

What is POP?

A

An older version of IMAP

73
Q

What is IMAP for?

A

Governing the retrieval of emails from mail servers

74
Q

What is ethernet?

A

Data transmitted in frames on a LAN

75
Q

What is protocol layering?

A

Splitting network process into individual functions

76
Q

Give 2 reasons why protocols have layers

A
  • To group together similar protocols
  • Each layer can be changed without altering other layers
77
Q

What is the role of a client in a client-server network?

A
  • Sends requests to the server
  • Does not store data for other computers to access
78
Q

What is the role of a server in a client-server network?

A
  • It receives and handles requests
  • It stores data hosted on the server

GCSE Computer Science (12 decks)

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