Network Basics Flashcards
1
Q
Computer Networks
A
Networks are used to make connections between machines.
2
Q
Purpose of Networks
A
To make connections between machines.
3
Q
Network Traffic Examples
A
- File sharing
- Video chatting
- Surfing the web
- Social Media
- Streaming Video
- E - mail
- Messaging
- VoIP
4
Q
Network components
A
- Client
- Server
- Hub
- Wireless Access Point
- Switch
- Router
- Media
- WAN Link
5
Q
Client
A
Device end-user use to access the network.
Can be any device that connects to the network.
6
Q
Server
A
Provides resources to the rest of the network.
Different servers provide different functions.
There can be dedicated server hardware/software.
7
Q
Converged Networks
A
Combines multiple types of traffic like data, video, and voice in a single network.
8
Q
Hub
A
- Can be interconnected to provide more ports, but leads to increased
network errors - Receives information in one port and rebroadcasts it out all the other
ports
9
Q
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
A
- Device that allows wireless devices to connect into a wired network
- Commonly used in the home, small business, and even some large enterprise
networks - Acts as a wireless hub
10
Q
Switch
A
- Connects networked devices such as clients and servers (like a hub)
- Switches learn what devices are on which switch ports
- Switches only forward traffic received from a port to the destination port
based on the device’s MAC address - Provides more security and efficiently uses available bandwidth
11
Q
Router
A
- Connect two different networks together
- Intelligently forwards traffic to and from a network based on its logical
address - Most modern routers use Internet Protocol (IP) address to determine
routing of traffic
12
Q
Media
A
- Connect two devices or a device to a port
- Made from copper cable, fiber optic cable, or radiofrequency waves
(WiFi) - Each type has strengths and limitations, such as its available bandwidth,
capacity, distance that can be covered, and cost to install and
13
Q
Wide Area Network (WAN) Link
A
- Physically connects networks together
- Numerous WAN links are available: leased lines, DSL, Cable, Fiber Optic, Satellite, Cellular, Microwave,…
- Connects internal network to external networks, such as a SOHO network to the internet
14
Q
Client/Server Model
A
- Uses a dedicated server to provide access to files, scanners, printers, and
other resources - Administration and backup are easier since resources are located on a
few key servers
15
Q
Client /Server Benefits
A
- Centralized administration
- Easier management
- Better scalability
16
Q
Client/Server Drawbacks
A
- Higher cost
- Requires dedicated resources
- Requires network operating system
17
Q
Peer-to-Peer Model
A
- Peers (PCs) share resources (files/printers) with each other directly
- Administration and backup are more difficult e since resources are located
on many PCs which adds to the administrative burden- Higher cost
18
Q
Peer-to-Peer Benefits
A
- Lower cost
- No dedicated resources required
- No specialized operating system required
19
Q
Peer-to-Peer Drawbacks
A
- Decentralized management
- Inefficient for large networks
- Poor scalability
20
Q
Personal Area Network (PAN)
A
- A small type of wired or wireless network
- Covers the least amount of area (few meters)
- Examples: Bluetooth, USB hard drive, firewire
21
Q
Local Area Network (LAN)
A
- Connects components in a limited distance
- Limited to short distances, 100 meters with CAT5
- Consist of Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) or WiFi networks (IEEE 802.11)
22
Q
Campus Area Network (CAN)
A
- Connects building-centric LANs across a university, industrial park, or business park
- Covers many square miles and buildings
- Example: College campus, Business Parks, Military base
23
Q
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A
- Connects scattered locations across a city
- Larger than CAN, but smaller than a WAN
- Covers up to a 25-mile radius
- Examples: City department (like police), Community College with multiple Campuses
24
Q
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A
- Connects geographically disparate internal networks
- Consist of leased lines or Virtual Private Networks tunneled over the Internet
- Covers distances around the country or around the world
- Examples: Internet, Privat corporate networks
25
Q
Bus Topology
A
- Uses a cable running through the area that required network connectivity
- “taps” into the cable using either a T connector or vampire Tap
- not commonly used, devices on cable form single collision domain
26
Q
Ring Topology
A
- Uses a cable running in a circular loop
- each device connects to the ring, but data travels in a singular direction
- FDDI (Fiber networks) used two counter-rotating rings for redundancy
- token ring network waits for a turn to communicate on the ring
27
Q
Star Topology
A
- Most popular Physical LAN topology
- Connects to a single point
- If the central device fails, the entire network fails
28
Q
Hub-and-Spoke Topology
A
- Used to connecting multiple sites
- Similar to Star, but uses WAN links
- not redundant, if central office fails, the whole network can fail
29
Q
Full-Mesh Topology
A
- Most redundant topology
- Every node connects to every other node
- Optimal routing is available
- Expensive to maintain and operate
- Number of connections: x=n(n-1) / 2
