Network Architecture

Question 1

Describe a Category 5 Cable

Answer 1

Max 100m in length
Connected with an RJ45
100Mbits per second (100BaseT)

Question 2

Describe cat 5e cables

Answer 2

Max 100m
Connects with RJ45
1000mbps per second (ten times faster than cat 5)

Question 3

Describe Cat 6 cable.

Answer 3

Max 100m
RJ45
1000mbps OR
Can go up to 10Gbps over limited distance. (37-55 metres)

Question 4

Describe a Windows Domain

Answer 4

A set of network resources, such as applications, printers, user accounts, devices, and so on, controlled by a Windows Active Directory server.

The database can be stored on multiple computers within a cluster - these clusters are known as domain controllers.

Question 5

Define RIP

Answer 5

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) - basically just counts the hops to the destination network. It is however only suitable for small networks as its 15 hops max.

Question 6

Define NAT

Answer 6

Network Address Translation
Translates a set of IP addresses to another set.
Used by a boundary device like a router.
IPv6 will render this unnecessary as all devices will have a public ip with IPv6.

Question 7

The 4 types of NAT

Answer 7

*Full cone NAT
Inbound connections from any external host.
Maps a public IP and port to an internal IP and port.
Also called port forwarding

*Restricted Cone NAT
Works in the same way as a full Cone NAT but has extra restrictions based on an IP address. Can only recoeve packets from the ip address it sends to first.

*Port restricted cone NAT
Exactly as above but
The internal client must have sent packets to the external client IP AND PORT in order to receive.

*Symmetric NAT applies restrictions in exactly the same way as a port restricted one but A symmetric NAT will translate ports to new randomly generated ones.

Question 8

Define OSPF

Answer 8

Open Shortest Path First

OSPF gathers link state information from available routers and constructs a topology map of the network.

It computes the shortest-path tree for each route using a method based on Dijkstra’s algorithm.

Finds the most efficient route for packets.

Question 9

Define Base-T

Answer 9

An ethernet cable that uses a twisted pair as the method of cabling.
Cooper wiring.

Question 10

Define PAT

Answer 10

Port Address Translation

Function that permits multiple devices on a LAN to be mapped to a single IP address. This saves IP addresses.