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Comptia A+ Core 1 > Network > Flashcards

Network Flashcards

1
Q

What is FTP? And its port number?

A

Allows computers to transfer filed back and forth.

Port Number is 21

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2
Q

SSH, port number?

A

Secure shell, port number 22

Data exchanged between computers in a secured shell

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3
Q

Telnet

A

Provides access to other hosts using CLI

Port no 23

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4
Q

What process does DHCP use?

A

DORA process

Discovery
Offering
Request
Acknowledgement

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5
Q

What is SMTP

A

Simple mail transfer protocol. TCP 25. Used for sending mails

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6
Q

What is DNS

A

Domain name system. UDP 53. used to convert domain name to IP address

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7
Q

what are POP3?

A

Post-office protocol v3 TCP 110, used to retrieve email from the server. and secure SSL version is TCP/995

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8
Q

What is LDAP

A

Light weight directory access protocol- TCP 389, used to access and maintain directories. such as contacts, users, computers and groups assigned to an account.

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9
Q

What is RDP

A

Remote desktop protocol is used to control a desktop fully/partially(only particular application) remotely. TCP/3389

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10
Q

What is IMAP?

A

Internet message access protocol v4 TCP 143, used to retain emails in the server sent by multiple clients. The emails are stored in the server therefore can access mails remotely.
secure SSL version is TCP/993

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11
Q

What is SMB?

A

Server Message Block is used to access shared files and printers which is mainly used by Windows. Can be used by working with NetBios or with TCP.
NetBIOS- TCP/137-139
TCP- TCP/445

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12
Q

Why do we use DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses to hosts.
server side port number UDP 67
Client side port number UDP 68

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13
Q

What is AFP?

A

Apple filing protocol is used to transfer files that use Mac OS or OS X. TCP/548

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14
Q

What is SNMP?

A

Simple n/w management protocol is used for managing and monitoring devices on your network. It is incorporated in N/w management system(NMS). It alerts the administrator using “traps”. SNMP uses UDP/161 and traps use UDP/162.

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15
Q

Which protocols uses UDP?

A

SNMP, DNS, and DHCP

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16
Q

What is the purpose of WAP

A

It is wireless access point that allows computers to communicate over the air when your computer is equipped with wireless network adapter. It is a bridge that extends wired network to a wireless network.

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17
Q

Other name for Wi-Fi?

A

IEEE 802.11, Wireless LAN

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18
Q

What is the speed of a switch and a HUB?

A

Switch : 1Gbps and 10Gbps, HUB: 10 megabit/100megabit

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19
Q

How does switch and WAP communicate with computers ?

A

Using MAC address

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20
Q

What is a repater?

A

Used to lengthen the signal farther than it was designed. Hub is also known as multi-port repeater as it is similar to the repeater but takes data as input from one port and sends output for different ports.

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21
Q

Disadvantages of HUB?

A

1) Uses half duplex and therefore at any given point allows only 2 computers to communicate 2) Uses broadcasting

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22
Q

WPA2

A

Wireless or Wifi protected Access used to encrypt wireless connection

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23
Q

What is the purpose of NIC?

A

Network interface card is used in the computer that allows the computer to connect to the LAN as well as large scale communication through IP.
Network adapter, Network interface controller, Ethernet card and so on. All of them are same.

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24
Q

How does the network adapter sends and receives data

A

Using full duplex. Which means sends and receives data at the same time where as half duplex means sending and receiving is done one after the other.

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25
Q

What is NAT

A

Network address translation is used to convert the private IP address of a LAN network to the public IP address so that only single IP address will do the work of several IP addresses.

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26
Q

What is port forwarding ?

A

It is used when an external network client want to access the computer on the other LAN network. For e.g for remote desktop protocol (RDP) the port number is 3389. So if anyone from external network want to access other network computer then the port forwarding is 192.168.1.1;3389 (destination IP address; port number)

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27
Q

What is DMZ

A

Demilitarised zone is used to protect the organisation internal network (LAN) from untrusted traffic. It allows servers like mail server and etc to be available to users on the internet and restricting the company LAN.

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28
Q

What is UPnP?

A

Universal plug and play is a group of protocols that allows computers, printers, and internet ready devices to discover each other on the network. This is always recommended to disable because of the security.

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29
Q

What is MAC filtering?

A

It is also known as access control which is disabled by default that allows you to control the devices that are allowed to connect/access your network. You can list the computers that are allowed and that are denied in the network. Allowed MAC address are listed in “whitelist” and denied computers are listed in “Blacklist”.

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30
Q

What is QoS

A

Quality of Service is used to prioritise data for specific computers or applications on the network.

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31
Q

Which is strongest wireless encryption method

A

WPA2(Wifi protected access v2) with AES(Advanced encryption standard)

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32
Q

Which is the weakest among all the wireless encryption methods

A

WEP (Wireless equivalent privacy)

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33
Q

Encryption levels of WEP, WPA WPA2, TKIP?

A

WEP 68 BITS
WPA 128 BITS
WPA2 256 BITS
TKIP(temporal key integrity protocol) 128 bits

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34
Q

With which protocol does AFP works with?

A

works with SLP(service location protocol) whose port number is tcp/427 and udp/427.

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35
Q

Which technology is used to increase the data transfer rates in wireless network technologies?

A

Multipath propagation

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36
Q

What is a wifi analyzer?

A

It is a program used to see who is using which frequency and then we can select a frequency without causing overlap and interference.

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37
Q

What is channel bonding?

A

To increase data rates of a wifi network we increase the channel width of a router to 40Mhz for 2.4GHz network and 80MHz for 5GHz network

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38
Q

What is an RFID?

A

Radio frequency identification is used to read the information that is stored in the “tags”. NFC in mobiles is also a subset of RFID.

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39
Q

What is the IEEE standard for Zigbee protocol ?

A

IEEE 802.15-4

40
Q

Why do we use zigbee products over Bluetooth?

A

It is low power consuming, cheaper than Bluetooth and wifi, and has unified data communications methodology that Bluetooth and wifi do not. which results in greater controllability, configuration & better communication between the devices.

41
Q

What is the frequency used for zigbee data transmission?

A

2.4GHz and 915Mhz

42
Q

What is the frequency used for Z-wave data transmission?

A

800-900 MHz

43
Q

Name 3 wireless network technologies that use radio signals for transmitting data

A

IEEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN), RFID, Zigbee, Z-Wave

44
Q

How is VPN different from proxy server?

A

The proxy server only encrypts the IP address but not data where as VPN encrypts both IP address and data and helps to keep the transfer of files and visiting of a website private.

45
Q

Example of an authentication server

A

Windows domain controller (uses active directory) that uses LDAP as an authentication protocol.

46
Q

What are the 2 types of authentication protocol?

A

LDAP(Lightweight directory access protocol) port 389 and Kerberos.

47
Q

What IP address is used by APIPA?

A

169.254.0.0

48
Q

What is a loopback address ?

A

Loopback address is used as a secondary IP address, and that IP address for IPv4 is 127.0.0.1 that can be used to test TCP/IP on a local machine regardless of whether it is plugged into the network.

49
Q

What is the loopback address for IPv6?

A

::1

50
Q

What is the purpose and advantages of VLAN

A

VLAN is used to connect the networking devices virtually irrespective of their physical location, advantages are:

1) makes network simpler
2) Improved security
3) traffic management
4) avoid data collision
5) boost performance

51
Q

Which device is often used to control VLAN?

A

Managed Switch

52
Q

What is the link local range of IPv4?

A

An address with 169.254 in the first 2 octets of a network address then it is APIPA(Automatic private IP addressing) also known as link local range for IPv4.

53
Q

What are the download & upload speed for ADSL?

A

8Mbps download/1Mbps Upload to 52Mbps download/16Mbps Upload

54
Q

What is the SDSL maximum data Transfer rates?

A

maximum data transfer rates are 1.5Mbps to 5Mbps

55
Q

What is ADSL and SDSL?

A

ADSL is Asymmetric digital subscriber line that uses different uploading(low) and downloading speeds(high) for the internet whereas SDSL is Symmetrical digital subscriber line that has same upload and download speeds majorly used in companies and expensive.

56
Q

What is the benefit of DSL over dial up ?

A

DSL is built on dial up but transmits full digital data at high speeds. Also, we can talk on phone and transmit data at the same time.

57
Q

What is the main purpose of ISDN?

A

It is used in video conferencing by companies and used as a back up internet connection.

58
Q

Which is the most commonly used internet connection in home and small offices ?

A

Cable internet that use cable modem.

59
Q

What is the uploading and downloading speed of Cable internet

A

Downloading 5Mbps-150Mbps or more. Uploading speed is slow and fraction of downloading speed.

60
Q

How is Cable internet connected in the home or office?

A

An RG11 cable is passed through the office and connected to a cable modem. The cable modem then connects to a SOHO router or a computer using RJ45 cable.

61
Q

How does fiber cables FTTP is better than other internet connections ?

A

1) They use light to transfer the data hence it is faster and unlike copper cables that uses electric waves to transmit data through which it can loss the data due to electromagnetic interference the fiber connection doesn’t loss the data.

62
Q

What is the line of sight wireless internet Service ?

A

The antenna on top of the house is faced in line of sight towards the WAP provided by the ISP and all the nearby antennas are faced towards that antenna to receive the internet.

63
Q

Which internet service makes use of POTS & PSTN?

A

Dial up service uses PSTN (Public switched telephone network) POTS( Plain old telephone Service). POTS is a connection that comes into home and allows us to connect telephone. And PSTN is used by the ISP to control POTS.

64
Q

Which is the best option for proper network cable tester?

A

Continuity tester also known as cable certifier. This is used to test the continuity(flow of electrical signal) in the cable.

65
Q

Which tool is most commonly used to test the individual phone line?

A

Tone generator and a probe kit. Also we can use multimeter to do various test of individual lines.

66
Q

Which tool is used to test the network adapter not connected to the network?

A

Loopback plug

67
Q

Which SATA drive uses NAND-based flash memory to store data?

A

SSD(Solid state drive)

68
Q

What kind of drive is used in today’s thin laptops?

A

M.2 SSD which is like a stick and are very expensive then traditional 1.8 inch SSD

69
Q

The UEFI/BIOS will not be able to identify the new upgraded RAM. What might be the issue?

A

The new RAM may not have installed properly. Just remove and replace it again and then reboot the laptop.

70
Q

The laptop is occasionally failing to boot, emitting a series of continuous beeps. What might be the problem?

A

It is due to the faulty memory.(memory contracts may be dirty)

71
Q

A laptop screen isn’t turning off its light when trying to close and remaining ON even after closing. What is it and what might be the issue?

A

It is due to LCD cut off switch (also known as lid switch). It’s functionality is to turn off the display when not in use or closing the laptop. If it fails then the screen remains ON all the time.

72
Q

What are the issues caused with the rotating screen laptops?

A

High chances of failure issues such as blank display or intermittent video issues

73
Q

What is difference between port replicator and docking station?

A

Port replicator only have ports and is similar to docking station but doesn’t have any expansion card option.

74
Q

What type of CPU is used in tablets and similar portable devices ?

A

ARM-based CPU is used in tablets that has less transistor and still maintaining low power and decent processing power

75
Q

What is LPDDR4 used for?

A

It is a RAM used in mobile devices used for short term storage of data.

76
Q

Where do we use SSL or TLS

A

SSL (secured socket layer) and transport layer security (TLS) are used in the email configuration as a mode of security for the emails. We can choose SSL/TLS based on the server configuration.

77
Q

What is IMEI and IMSI?

A

IMEI is a unique identification number of a device. IMSI is used to identify the user. For GSM and LTE this ID os loaded on to the SIM whereas for CDMA this is loaded on the phone.

78
Q

Which commercial email provider supports only IMAP4 but not POP3?

A

iCloud mail supports only IMAP4

79
Q

What is a bridge?

A

It is used to connect multiple hubs and has a software that makes forward decisions to send data to the right destination using their MAC address. One of the modern bridge is WAP (wireless access point)

80
Q

How much amount of power can be sent through power over ethernet? What is endspan and midspan?

A

15-30 watts. And if this power is provided by the switch known as endspan and if it is provided by PoE injector it is known as midspan.

81
Q

Examples of where PoE is used?

A

Power over ethernet is used where there is a least chance of passing electricity such as phones, cameras, WAP, router, lighting controller etc

82
Q

What is the other name for port forwarding ?

A

Destination NAT or Static NAT

83
Q

What are the disadvantages of UTP?

A

1) can run only 100m long without any signal attenuation 2) Outer jacket is made of plastic making it susceptible to electromagnetic interference

84
Q

What are disadvantages of STP?

A

1) expensive 2) shielding and all the wiring and server room needs to be permanently grounded

85
Q

What is a plenum rated cabling?

A

it means that the cable has special teflon coating or a low smoke variant of a twisted pair.

86
Q

What is the purpose of multimode coaxial cable?

A

1) used for short distance communication (upto 2km) 2) Used mainly in server rooms and while making n/w backbone connections for campuses and buildings. Can support 1000Mbps and 10 Gbps.

87
Q

What is the purpose of single mode coaxial cable?

A

1) Long distance communication(upto 100km) 2)Can support 1000Mbps and 10 Gbps.

88
Q

Where do we use DVI cable

A

Digital visual interface is used in connecting LCD video displays. There are 3 types of DVI they are: DVI-I(analog & digital), DVI-D(digital), DVI-A(analog).

89
Q

What is HDMI?

A

High definition multimedia interface is used for video and audio signals of High definition television. All digital no analog signal, 20m long and 19 pin connector

90
Q

What is a SCSI?

A

Small computer system Interface is older version of USB connector. It is a bus connector that connects different peripherals.

91
Q

What connectors are used for a printer and a computer in a wired device sharing?

A 
Wired (latest): USB-A to the computer, USB-B on the printer
Wired parallel (old): Centronics interface on the printer, DB-25 on the computer.
92
Q

What technologies are used for a printer and a computer in a wireless device sharing?

A

Bluetooth(short distance),

  1. 11 a/b/ac/n/g infrastructure mode (using access point)
  2. 11 Ad hoc mode (no access point)- connect directly to the network.
93
Q

What are the possible symptoms of failing a cpu?

A

1) Unexplained crashes during the boot up. 2) System locks after a short time of use. 3) Voltage is near and above the top end of the allowable range.

94
Q

What are the possible symptoms of a failing RAM?

A

1) Computer will not boot/intermittently shut down 2) BIOS shows memory error 3) Blue screen of death

95
Q

What kind of issues do you face with power supply

A

1) Fan failure 2) Fuse failure 3)Quick death 4) Slow death

96
Q

What is DirectX?

A

DirectX is a Windows technology that includes video, animation and sound components. It helps computer get more performance out of multimedia, games and movies. By default Windows 10 uses DirectX 12.

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