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computing > Network > Flashcards

Network Flashcards

1
Q

Computer Network Definition

A

A group of computers that use the same set of communication protocol to share resources over digital connections

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2
Q

Intranet Definition

A

Definition: A private network within organisations that usually excludes outsider excess

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3
Q

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Definition

A

Encrypted connection over the internet from a device to a network

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4
Q

Internet Definition

A

worldwide network of networks that uses the Internet Protocol (IP) suite

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5
Q

World Wide Web (WWW) Definition

A

a network of public web pages available on the internet

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6
Q

LAN vs WAN?

A

LAN is a computer network that connects computers over a small geographical area, while WAN covers a large geographical area

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7
Q

TCP/IP Model?

A

(Hint: Recall NITA)

Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access Layer

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8
Q

Internet Protocol address (IP address)

A

a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication

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9
Q

Types of IP address?

A

IPv4 and IPv6

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10
Q

What is the IPv4 exhaustion problem? What are the solutions?

A

the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses due to the dramatic growth of the internet

solution: deployment of IPv6

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11
Q

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Definition

A

a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network

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12
Q

Domain Name System (DNS) Definition

A

a hierarchical and decentrailised database that converts URLs to their associated IP addresses

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13
Q

What is the DNS query process?

A
  1. Client opens the web browser and types in the uniform resource locator (URL) in the address bar
  2. URL request is sent to the recursive server and checks if the domain name is found in its local cache. If it does, continue to step 7. Otherwise, continue to step 3
  3. Recursive server sends the request to the DNS root name server to obtain information on the top-level domain (TLD)
  4. Recursive server sends the request again to the TLD name server to obtain information on the second-level domain (SLD)
  5. Recursive server sends the request again to an authoritative name server to obtain information on the domain and its associated IP address
  6. Authoritative name server sends the IP address back to the recursive server
  7. Recursive server sends the IP address back to client through the web browser. Recursive server also caches the IP address for the domain
  8. Once IP address is received it will build a connection with the web server that matches the IP address
  9. Once connection is establishes, web browser will send a HTTP request to the web server
  10. Web server sends a HTTP response to the web browser. Web browser displays the information is has obtained.
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14
Q

Communication Protocol Definition

A

A set of rules that define the format, order of information exchange, and the actions taken after the information is transmitted over the network

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15
Q

Protocol Standards Purpose?

A

To prevent manufacturers from creating their own protocol, and discouraging users from using equipment from other manufacturers

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16
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) vs User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

TCP is a connection oriented protocol that requires a connection to be established before transmitting segments

UDP is a connectionless protocol that transmits datagrams continuously and disregards any issues on the receiving end

17
Q

What is the TCP 3-way handshake?

A

Client sends a request to the server for a connection to be establishes, server sends a response back to acknowledge the client and client sends a response back to acknowledge the server

18
Q

What are the methods of data exchange in a computer network?

A

Circuit Switching and Pack Switching

19
Q

Circuit Switching Definition

A

Process where two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel through the network before the nodes may communicate

20
Q

Packet Switching Definition

A

Process where messages are broken down into small blocks called packets or datagrams, which are routed individually through the network to the same destination

21
Q

Client-Server Architecture Definition

A

Tasks are partitioned between providers of service and service requesters

22
Q

Peer-to-Peer Network Definition

A

Tasks are partitioned between peers, who are equally privileged participants in the application

23
Q

Client-Server Architecture BENEFITS

A
  • Easy to manage as all files are stored in the same place. This allows for easy and efficient back-up and recovery
  • Easily scaled up and upgraded as only servers have to be changed
  • Secure as rules can be defined at the time of setting up the network
  • Accessible, where servers can be accessed remotely from various platforms of the network
24
Q

Client-Server Architecture CONSTRAINTS

A
  • Expensive to install and manage
  • Prone to congestion, when too many requests from the clients are sent
  • Less reliable as the failure of the server results in the client being dysfunctional
25
Q

Peer-to-Peet Network BENEFITS

A
  • Low cost as there is no need for full-time system administrator, and is cheaper to build and maintain
  • Rarely congested as the total bandwidth of the network increases as the number of peers increase
  • Reliable as the failure of one peer does not affect the function of others
26
Q

Peer-to-Peer Network CONSTRAINTS

A
  • Hard to manage as resources are shared among peers. This makes it tough for back-up and recovery
  • Difficult to scale up as all nodes will have to upgrade and change their system
  • Lacks security, where viruses, spyware, trojans etc. can easily be transmitted
  • Less accessible as you have to be a node in the part of the network to access it
27
Q

How does IP address help the transmitting of data?

A

Every device that connects to the internet has an IP address assigned to it to identify where the device is specifically located on the internet so data can be transmitted

28
Q

What is a static and dynamic IP address?

A

(HINT: static means fixed and dynamic should imply the opposite)

Static IP addresses do not change, while Dynamic IP addresses are temporary addresses for devices connected to a network that continually changes over time

29
Q

Purpose of dividing networks into subnets?

A

Make networks more efficient as network traffic can travel a shorter distance without passing through unnecessary routers before reaching their destination

30
Q

Example protocols?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for emails, File Transfer Protocol for file transfer, Post Office Protocol for mail retrieval

computing (3 decks)

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