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Networking > Net. 1: Ch 4 Physical > Flashcards

Net. 1: Ch 4 Physical Flashcards

1
Q

Home Integrated Service Routers

A

ISR - Another name for consumer routers that combine switch/router/firewall/and wireless access point (WAP)

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2
Q

3 Physical Media Forms

A

Copper
Fiber Optic
Wireless / Radio

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3
Q

Physical Encoding Method

A

converting stream of bits into predefined code

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4
Q

2 Physical Encoding Methods

A

Manchester Encoding

Non Return-to-Zero

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5
Q

Manchester Encoding

A

0 is represented by a high to low voltage change, 1 is represented by a low to high voltage change.
Used in older Ethernet/RFID/ Near Field Devices

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6
Q

Non Return-to-Zero Encoding

A

encoding that uses states “zero” and “one”, which has no neutral or rest position: 0’s and 1’s can be identified/assigned by different voltage levels.

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7
Q

signaling method

A

method of representing bits on a media

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8
Q

asynchronous method

A

signals are transmitted without associate clock signals; require start/stop flags.

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9
Q

synchronous method

A

signal sent along with clock signal which occurs at evenly spaced intervals (called bit time).

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10
Q

modulation

A

method of transmitting data by modifying wave characteristics

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11
Q

Frequency Modulation

A

FM: carrier frequency varies in accordance with signal.

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12
Q

Amplitude Modulation

A

AM: amplitude of carrier frequency varies in accordance with signal.

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13
Q

Pulse Coded Modulation

A

PCM: analog signal converted to digital signal by sampling signal’s amplitutde and expressing the different amplitudes as a binary #.

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14
Q

bandwidth

A

capacity of a medium to carry data: measured in bits per second

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15
Q

Bit Amount Prefixes

A 
Kilo-10^3: Thousands
Mega-10^6: Millions
Giga: 10^9: Billions
Tera: 10^12 Trillions
Peta: 10^15 Quaddrillions
Exa: 10^18: Quintillion
Zetta: 10^21: Sextillion
Yotta: 10^24: Septillion.
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16
Q

Factors Affecting Bandwidth

A
  1. Properties of physical media.

2. Technologies chosen for signaling methods and detecting network signals.

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17
Q

throughput

A

measure of the transfer of bits across a media over a given period of time.

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18
Q

latency

A

amount of time for data to travel from one point to another.

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19
Q

Factors Affecting Throughput

A
  1. Amount of Traffic
  2. Type of Traffic.
  3. Latency created by number of network devices between source and destination.
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20
Q

goodput

A

measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time.

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21
Q

signal attenuation

A

degradation of a signal over distance.

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22
Q

2 Interference Types

A
  1. ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI)

2. Crosstalk

23
Q

crosstalk

A

disturbance created by electric/magnetic fields from one wire, interacting on another wire.

24
Q

Ways to Limit Interference

A
  1. Select cable type most suited to environment.
  2. Design cable infrastructure to avoid sources of interference.
  3. Use proper cabling / handling techniques.
25
Q

3 Types of Copper Media

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Shielded Twisted Pair

Coaxial

26
Q

Coaxial Cable Construction

A
  1. Conductor-innermost layer
  2. Insulation
  3. Braided Copper Shielding-acts as 2nd wire and shielding
  4. Outer Jacket
27
Q

Coaxial Connector Types

A
  1. BNC - old network/ av cable
  2. N Type - UHF antennas and radio
  3. F Type - cable TV / broadband internet
28
Q

cancellation

A

2 pairs of wire in close proximity have opposite magnetic fields which cancel out. used in UTP

29
Q

wire twisting

A

wires twisted at varying intervals per pair increase the ability to cancel out EMI fields of adjoining wires

30
Q

CAT 3 UTP

A

used for voice comm. / phones.

RJ-11

31
Q

CAT 5 / 5e UTP

A

networking:
5 supports 100 Mb/s : can do 1 Gb/s not rec.
5e supports 1 Gb/s
5e considered minimal acceptable cable.

32
Q

CAT 6 UTP

A

Data Line
seperators between each wire pair to handle higher speeds.

Supports 10Gb/s : can do 100Gb/s, not rec.
Recommended for new installations.

33
Q

3 Types of UTP Cable

A
  1. Ethernet Straight Through
  2. Crossover
  3. Rollover
34
Q

Ethernet Straight Through Cable

A

Standard network cable. Used to connect to intermediary device.

35
Q

Crossover Cable

A

Type of cable used to connect host to host/router to router/ switch to switch. Send/receive wires are flip-flopped at opposite ends.
T568A to T568B

36
Q

Rollover Cable

A

Cisco Proprietary cable used to connect to serial port. Wires 1-8 are mirror image on each side.

37
Q

T568a UTP Wire Standard

A
  1. Green White
  2. Green
    3 Orange White
  3. Blue
  4. Blue White
  5. Orange
  6. Brown White
  7. Brown.
    Pins 1 to 3 , 2 to 6.
38
Q

T568b UTP Wire Standard

A
  1. Orange White
  2. Orange
  3. Green White
  4. Blue
  5. Blue White
  6. Green
  7. Brown White
  8. Brown.
    Pins 1 to 3, 2 to 6.
39
Q

UTP Wire Test Parameters

A
  1. Wire Map
  2. Cable Length
  3. Signal loss due to attenuation.
  4. Crosstalk
40
Q

3 Parts of Fiber Cable

A
  1. Core - data conduit
  2. Cladding - glass surrounding core: acts as mirror
  3. Jacket
41
Q
  1. Types of Fiber Cable
A
  1. Single Mode Fiber.

2. Multi-Mode Fiber.

42
Q

Single Mode Fiber

A

Core: 9 microns

Cladding: 125 microns

Polymeric coating.

Long Distance; uses lasers to transmit

43
Q

Multi Mode Fiber

A

Core: 50/62 Microns

Cladding: 125 Microns

Coating

Designed for long distance: not as long as SMF

LED’s used to transmit

44
Q

Fiber Connector Types

A
  1. Straight Tip: older type connector MMF
  2. Subscriber Connectors: MMF or SMF
  3. Lucent Connector: “little/local” SMF or MMF
  4. Duplex Multimode Connector - full duplex.
45
Q

3 Common Fiber Install Errors

A
  1. Misalignment
  2. End Gap - wires not fully connected
  3. End Finish- non-polished/dirty ends.
46
Q

Fiber Vs Copper Comparison

A

Fiber higher bandwidths / distance

Fiber immune to EMI/RFI

Copper cheaper, easier to install.

Copper more robust.

47
Q

3 Main Wireless Media

A
  1. 802.11 : Wi-Fi
  2. 802.15: Bluetooth
  3. 802.16: Wi-Max
48
Q

802.11a

A

54 Mb/s
5 GHz
150 feet.
No backward compat.

49
Q

802.11b

A

11Mb/s
2.4 Ghz
300 Feet
No backward compat.

50
Q

802.11g

A

54 Mb/s
2.4 Ghz
300 Feet
Compat w/ b.

51
Q

802.11n

A

100 - 600 Mb/s
2.4 GHz / 5GHz
1200 feet.
Compat. w/ a/b/g

52
Q

802.11ac

A

1.3 Gb/s
2.4 GHz/5 GHz
Compat w/ a/b/g/n

53
Q

802.11ad

A

WiGig
7Mb/s
2.4 GHz/5GHz.60GHz
Compat: a/b/g/n/ac

54
Q

802.15

A 
Bluetooth
2.4 GHz
3Mb/s
Class3: 1 Meter
Class 2: 10 Meter - most common
Class 1: 100 Meter

Networking (5 decks)

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