Nesosilicates

Question 1

known as Orthosilicates

Answer 1

Nesosilicates

Question 2

The ___ of all the silicate subclasses, formed by ___.

Answer 2

(A) simplest
(B) individual silicon-oxygen tetrahedra

Question 3

Have a structure that produces ___ and a ___ and therefore a ___, ___, and ___ than chemically similar silicates in other subclasses.

Answer 3

(A) stronger bonds
(B) closer packing of ions
(C) higher density, index of refraction, and hardness

Question 4

There are ___ in the nesosilicates than in any other silicate subclass.

Answer 4

more gemstones

Question 5

(A) A group of rock-forming minerals that are typically found in (B) ___ such as (C) ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 5

(A) Olivine
(B) mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks
(C) basalt, gabbro, dunite, diabase, and peridotite.

Question 6

One of the most common minerals within the earth

Answer 6

Olivine

Question 7

The name ‘olivine’ indicates its ___ to ___ and was coined in ___ by ___

Answer 7

(A) distinctive olive/bottle green
(B) yellowish color
(C) 1789
(D) Abraham Gottlob Werner

Question 8

has a very high crystallization temperature which makes it one of the first minerals to crystallize from a magma

Answer 8

Olivine

Question 9

Is one of the first minerals to be altered by ___.

Answer 9

weathering

Question 10

Olivine is present in the ___ that cross the boundary between the ___ and ___.

Answer 10

(A) seismic waves
(B) Earth’s crust and mantle

Question 11

Olivine Occurrence

Are also found in the pieces of oceanic crust that are ___ onto a continent or island. And in pieces of upper mantle ___ to the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions.

Answer 11

(A) pushed up
(B) brought

Question 12

Magnesium-rich olivine has also been discovered in ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 12

meteorites, on Mars, Jupiter and on Earth’s Moon

Question 13

Olivine occurs in both ___ and as a ___ in certain ___

Answer 13

(A) mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks
(B) primary mineral
(C) metamorphic rocks

Question 14

Olivine Properties

Color
Streak
Luster
Cleavage
Hardness
Crystal System
Crystal Habit

Answer 14

• Diff shades of green; Iron-rich are brownish green to brown
• Colorless
• Vitreous
• Poor cleavage, brittle with conchoidal fracture
• 6.5-7
• Orthorhombic
  -Granular Masses/rounded grains

Question 15

___ is not a single mineral.

Answer 15

Garnet

Question 16

Garnet Properties

Color
Luster
Cleavage
Hardness
Fracture

Answer 16

• red, orange, green, yellow, purple, black, brown and blue
• vitreous
• brittle, transparent-to-translucent, no cleavage
• 6.5-7.5
• conchoidal fracture.

Question 17

General formula of Garnet:

Answer 17

X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃

* The X is usually occupied by divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) 2+

• The Y is occupied by trivalent cations (Al, Fe, Cr) 3+.

Question 18

Garnets can also be found in ___ such as granite and basalt

Answer 18

igneous rocks