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nes subtest 1 > nes subtest 1 > Flashcards

nes subtest 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a phoneme?

A

the individual sounds that make up words. ex “gh, o, s, t”

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2
Q

what is a graphemes?

A

the individual letters or groups of letters that represent the individual speech sounds

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3
Q

what is the purpose of writ of habeas corpus?

A

protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment

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4
Q

what is phonological awareness

A

an understanding that words are composed of sound units and sound units can be combined to form words

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5
Q

what is phonemic awareness

A

refers to the ability to focus on, hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes

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6
Q

phoneme isolation

A

recognizing the individual sounds in words

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7
Q

phoneme substitution

A

turning one word into another by substituting one phoneme for another

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8
Q

oral segmenting

A

identifying the individual sounds of a word

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9
Q

oral blending

A

being able to blend phonemes into words

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10
Q

phoneme deletion

A

being able to identify a sound that has been deleted from a word

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11
Q

environmental print

A

prints such as logos or stores

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12
Q

affix

A

is a word that can be added to a root word or a base word to add new meaning

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13
Q

prefix

A

stem or occurs at the beginning of a word ex. pre-determine

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14
Q

suffix

A

occurs at the end of the base word ex. wonder-ful

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15
Q

prosodic reading

A

reading with expression

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16
Q

morphemic analysis

A

ability to identity meaningful parts of words using prefixes, suffices and roots

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17
Q

word chain

A

consists of words of a certain category that begin with the letter, that the previous word ended with

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18
Q

figurative language

A

going beyond the literal meaning of words to describe something

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19
Q

simile

A

a figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things ex. life is like a box of chocolates

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20
Q

metaphor

A

figure of speech that involves an implicit comparison of one thing with another word or phrase unlike itself; the comparison is not preceded by like or as
ex. the river was a silk ribbon

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21
Q

allegory

A

a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions are equated with meanings that have moral, social, religious, or political significance. characters are often personifications if such abstract ideas as charity, greed or envy.
ex. The Hare and the tortoise

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22
Q

alliteration

A

the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in close succession
ex. peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

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23
Q

personification

A

a figure of speed in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human qualities or abilities
ex. the daffodils nodded their heads at the baby bunny

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24
Q

onomatopoeia

A

the use of words that imitate the sound that they describe

ex. boom, munch, boo-hoo

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25
Q

hyperbole

A

a figure of speech in which statements are exaggerated. it is not used to mislead the reader, but to emphasize a point.
ex. i’m so hungry i could eat a horse

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26
Q

mood

A

the feeling that literary work creates for the reader

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27
Q

foreshadowing

A

a hint of things to come later in the story

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28
Q

flashback

A

interjected scene that depicts an event that happened in the last

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29
Q

irony

A

a situation or event resulting in the opposite of what might be expected

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30
Q

euphemism

A

an agreeable word or expression substituted for one that is potentially offensive
ex. shell shocked vs. ptsd

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31
Q

folktales

A

seek to explain things about life, nature or the human condition

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32
Q

fables

A

short stories with moral ending, intended to teach lessons about life

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33
Q

legends

A

tales about heroes and are rooted in historical events

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34
Q

myths

A

stories that grew out of peoples need to understand and explain the world around them

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35
Q

narrative writing

A

retell familiar stories, write sequels or new exposures for favorite characters, or compose original stories.

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36
Q

expository writing

A

requires students to explain or share information in reports, posters, diagrams or charts

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37
Q

descriptive writing

A

requires students to create a vivid impression of a person, place or event by painting a picture of it with words, creating a sensory image for readers

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38
Q

persuasive writing

A

requires students to express an opinion, argue a point, of influence a belief

always supports the logic of an argument with evidence and is meant to sway the opinion of readers

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39
Q

intrapersonal communication

A

communicating with oneself

ex. thought processing, personal decision making, self-talk, listening and determining self concept

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40
Q

interpersonal communication

A

communication that takes place between two or more persons who establish a communicative relationship

ex. verbal communication - small group conversations, interviews, informal conversations
ex. written communication -email, letters
ex. nonverbal - gestures, vocal intonation

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41
Q

academic communication

A

formal classroom talk intended to inform or persuade (focused on academic content, information or instructions)

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42
Q

verb

A

a word that shows action or state of being

ex. run, jump and is, was

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43
Q

adverb

A

modifies verbs, adjectives, and adverbs usually ending in -ly
ex. gladly, slowly

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44
Q

noun

A

a word that names a person, place or thing

ex. child, Portland, hammer

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45
Q

proper noun

A

begin with a capital letter because it is the name of a specific person or place

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46
Q

pronoun

A

a word that can be used in place of a noun to prevent repetition
ex. I, you, she

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47
Q

adjective

A

a word that modifies or gives information about a noun or pronoun
ex. yellow jacket or tall building

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48
Q

preposition

A

a word that shows relationship amongs nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence - direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount
ex. to, under, by

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49
Q

conjunction

A

a word that connects other phrases or words

ex. and, or, but

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50
Q

interjection

A

a word that conveys emotion

ex. Wow! Ouch!

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51
Q

apostrophe

A

to show possession, to take the place of missing letters in contractions and to form plurals of letters and numerals

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52
Q

colon

A

after greeting in a business letter, to introduce a list, or to introduce a direct quotation

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53
Q

commas

A

to separate three or more items in a list; separate adjectives that modify the same noun; between a city and a state; between the day and year in a date; after greeting and closing of a friendly letter; direct quotation in the middle of a sentence

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54
Q

dash

A

to seperate and stress elements in a sentence, after an interrupted or unfinished statement of thought, or to introduce a list of items

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55
Q

ellipsis

A

three dots in a row to replace words that have been left out

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56
Q

hyphen

A

to break a word between syllables at the end of a line, in two part numbers ex. twenty-one

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57
Q

public policy

A

things government does- taxation, defense, education, crime, healthcare, etc

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58
Q

legislative

A

the power to create laws

carry out public policy

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59
Q

executive

A

the power to administer the law

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60
Q

judicial

A

the power to interpret laws and settle disputes

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61
Q

authoritarian

A

ultimate responsibility for except using these powers is assigned to the people or small group

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62
Q

democracy

A

the responsibility for exercising these powers is assigned to the people

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63
Q

autocracies

A

a system of government by one person with absolute power

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64
Q

oligarchies

A

a small group of people having most or all the political power

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65
Q

direct democracy

A

public policy established by the people themselves

effective in small communities

66
Q

indirect democracy

A

the people choose a small group to act as their representatives to carry out the policies of government

67
Q

congress

A

made up of two chambers, the senate and the house of reps

68
Q

federalism

A

the sharing or power among the national, state, and local governments

69
Q

amendment 1

A

freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom to assemble and petition the government

70
Q

amendment 2

A

right to bear arms

71
Q

admendment 3

A

freedom from quartering soldiers

72
Q

amendment 4

A

freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures, warrants much be issued on probable cause and specific

73
Q

admendment 5

A

criminal indictments must be by grand jury; freedoms from double jeopardy; from testifying against oneself; right to due process; a right of compensation for takings

74
Q

amendment 6

A

right to speedy trial, right to impartial jury, right to be informed of the charges, right to face accusers, right to produce witnesses and right to legal counsel

75
Q

amendment 7

A

right to jury trial in civil cases

76
Q

amendment 8

A

freedom from excessive bail or fines, freedom from cruel or unusual punishment

77
Q

monarchy

A

a government ruled by king or queen (emperor) of a certain state or territory

78
Q

dictatorship

A

a form of government in which a single ruler wields absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws

79
Q

totalitarianism

A

a government that seeks to subordinate the individual to the state by controlling the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population, as well as political and economic matters

80
Q

anarchy

A

a condition of lawless or political disorder brought by the absence of government

81
Q

epoch

A

the smallest division of geologic time

82
Q

paradox of participation

A

democracy will cease to exist if we do no not

83
Q

inferences

A

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

84
Q

deductive reasoning

A

logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true

85
Q

inductive reasoning

A

a method of drawing conclusions by going firm the specific to the general

86
Q

which prompted the gulf war

A

iraq’s invasion of kuwait

87
Q

social sciences

A

the scientific study of human society and social relationships

ex. sociology, psychology and anthropology

88
Q

semicolon

A

to join two related independent clauses in place of a comma and a coordinating conjuction

89
Q

mercantilism

A

belief in the benefits of profitable trading

90
Q

scarity

A

when needs and wants exceed the resources available to meet them

91
Q

choice (economic choice)

A

when one makes economic decisions, alternatives must be considered because of limited resources

92
Q

opportunity cost

A

next best alternative that must be given up when a choice is made

93
Q

goods

A

physical, tangible products used to satisfy people’s wants and needs

94
Q

services

A

activities that provide direct satisfaction of wants and needs
ex. info, entertainment

95
Q

resources

A

the labor, capital, land and entrepreneurship used to produce goods and services

96
Q

natural resources

A

“gifts of nature”

ex. land, water, wildlife

97
Q

barter

A

the direct trading of goods and services with one another without the use of money

98
Q

profit

A

the different between revenue and cost of production

99
Q

interdependence

A

decisions by Business A affect the decisions of other businesses and the decisions of other businesses affect Business A

100
Q

producers

A

people who transform natural resources into goods and services

101
Q

consumers

A

people who pitches and use goods and services to satisfy their wants and needs

102
Q

division of labor/specialization

A

when workers devote their energies to a single component of a productive task

103
Q

market

A

any organized setting where buyers and sellers exchange goods, services, resources, and currencies

104
Q

economic systems

A

the way a society organized the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services

105
Q

market economy

A

an economic system in which most economic decisions are made by individual consumers and firms interacting through markets

106
Q

traditional economy

A

answers to theee basic economic questions are based on how they were addressed in the past

107
Q

command economy

A

government provides all the answers to the three basic economic questions

ex. soviet union

108
Q

mixed economy

A

both government and the marketplace answer the three basic economic questions

109
Q

the three basic economic questions

A
  1. what will we produce with our resources
  2. how will we produce these goods
  3. for whom will we produce these goods
110
Q

oligopoly

A

a market structure in which an industry is comprised of only a few firms

111
Q

stone age

A

subdivided into paleolithic- a span beginning more than a million years ago in which several homo species used crude rock tooks

112
Q

mesolithic

A

8000 BCE -2700
middle stone age
chipped tools

113
Q

neolithic

A

stone tools shaped by polishing and grinding
appearance of such crafts as pottery
10000-4500 bc

114
Q

bronze age

A

3300-1200 bc
use of bronze
some areas writing

115
Q

iron age

A

1200 bc - 600 bc

people cross much of europe, asia, and parts of africa

116
Q

era 1

A

the beginnings of human society

117
Q

era 2

A

early civilizations and the emergence of pastoral peoples (4000-1000 bce)

118
Q

era 3

A

classical traditions, major religions, and giant empires (1000 bce -300 ce)

119
Q

era 4

A

expanding zones of exchange and encounter (300-1000 ce)

120
Q

era 5

A

intensified hemispheric interactions 1000-1500 ce

121
Q

era 6

A

the emergence of the first global age 1450-1770 ce

122
Q

era 7

A

colonization and settlement 1585-1763

123
Q

era 8

A

revolution and the new nation 1754-1820s

124
Q

era 9

A

expansion and reform 1801-1861

125
Q

era 10

A

civil war and reconstruction 1850-1877

126
Q

era 11

A

the development of the industrial united states 1870-1900

127
Q

era 12

A

the emergence of modern america 1890-1930

128
Q

revolutionary war

A

various taxes and lack of american voice in parliament

1783 treaty of paris ended the war

129
Q

war of 1812

A

second war of independence

great britain sought to restrict french trade

130
Q

mexican american war

A

brought new territory to us

131
Q

civil war

A

economic and social differences between the north and south

states vs federal rights

132
Q

Spanish american war

A

issue of cuban independence from spain

133
Q

ww1

A

1919 war ended

militarism, alliances, imperialism

134
Q

ww2

A

result of totalitarian regimes in germany, italy and japan

135
Q

korean war

A

1950 north korean forces moved without warning across the 38th parallel

136
Q

vietnam war

A

prevent spread of communism

137
Q

persian gulf wars

A

iraq’s invasion of kuwait

138
Q

the crusades

A

wars to control over the holy land

139
Q

axis powers

A

japan, germany and italy

140
Q

hundred years’ war

A

fought between france and england

141
Q

lithosphere

A

solid and broken rock that has been sculpted into landforms

continental crust

142
Q

hydrosphere

A

water in all forms

oceans, lakes, ice and water within atmosphere

143
Q

atmosphere

A

gaseous envelope that encircles earth

weather

144
Q

biosphere

A

all life forms and all areas at or near earth that are capable of sustaining life

145
Q

archipelago

A

a group or chain of islands clustered together

ex. hawaiian islands

146
Q

bay

A

buddy of salt water that extends into land

147
Q

delta

A

a fan shaped deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean

148
Q

gulf

A

a large bay that is partially surrounded by land

149
Q

isthmus

A

a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses usually with water on two sides

150
Q

peninsula

A

a body of land that is surrounded by water in three sides but is connected to a mainland area

151
Q

plateau

A

an elevated, level expanse of land

152
Q

prairie

A

a broad, nearly level stretch of land

plains

153
Q

strait

A

a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water

154
Q

tectonic plates

A

earth is made up a dozen or so major plates and several minor plates

155
Q

nation state concept

A

form of political organization under which a relatively homogenous people inhibits a sovereign state

state containing one nationality

156
Q

colonialism

A

policy/practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country

157
Q

imperialism

A

extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

158
Q

unitary

A

all powers of government are vested in central government

159
Q

federal

A

the powers of government are divided between the center and the units

160
Q

fragmentation

A

process or state of breaking or being broken into small parts

161
Q

gerrymandering

A

manipulating the boundaries of an electoral constituency

162
Q

industrial revolution

A

transformed economies based on large scale industries

factory system

nes subtest 1 (1 decks)

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