Nervous Tissue Worksheet Flashcards
What are the meninges?
connective tissue that consists of three distinct layers that surround and help protect the brain and spinal cord
What are the three layers of the meninges, and what type of tissue is found in each layer?
dura mater: dense irregular
arachnoid mater: ?
pia mater: ?
In which meninge layer are the blood vessels located?
pia mater
What are the parts of a neuron?
soma or cell body, dendrites, and an axon
Where are the organelles located in a neuron?
cell body
What is Nissl substance?
large granular body containing rough ER and free ribosomes
What is the axon hillock?
clear area of cell body, free of Nissl bodies, near start of axon
What are the types of neurons? Where are they located? Are they sensory or motor?
> multipolar - motor and interneurons of brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord; motor
bipolar - retina, inner ear organs, upper region of nose; sensory
unipolar - dorsal root ganglia of spinal nn and cranial nerve ganglia
What is the synapse, and where is it located?
specialized sites for chemical or electrical transmission for communication between neurons, interneurons, and effector cells; between presynatic and postsynaptic cells
What is anterograde axonal transport?
forward movement in one direction
What is the mechanism of anterograde axonal transport including the type of motor protein?
vesicle buds from Golgi, uses kinesin to go toward axon terminal
Compare and contrast fast and slow anterograde axonal transport.
fast: 100-400 mm/day, uses kinesin, vesicles bud from Golgi containing precursors of neurotransmitters, enzymes that make small molecule neurotransmitters, and plasma membrane proteins, mitochondria, tracers
slow: 0.2-0.4 mm/day, cytoskeletal proteins (tubulin, actin, neurofilaments), and cytoplasmic proteins (enzymes, calmodulin)
What cargo is carried by anterograde transport?
precursors of neutrotransmitters, enzymes that makes small molecule neurotransmitters, plasma membrane proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, cytoplasmic proteins
???
What is retrograde axonal transport?
one direction, toward the cell body
Compare the mechanism of retrograde to anterograde axonal transport.
anterograde: vesicles bud from Golgi, uses kinesin
retrograde: vesicles come from endocytosis, uses dynein