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MT Histology Midterm 2 > Nervous Tissue, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, oral, digestive > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, oral, digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Inside Layer of blood and lymphatic vessels

  • Endothelium - Single layer of flattened squamous
  • Subendothelium- zone of loose C.T, contains collagen and elastic fibers
  • Internal Elastic Membrane- Avascular, corrugated to allow tisue fluid to reach outer layers
A

Tunica intima

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2
Q

Middle Layer of Blood and lymphatic vessels

  • Smooth muscle fibers- responsible for vasoconstriction
  • Collagen and elastic fibers- run inbetween muscle fibers
  • External elastic membrane- elastic fibers thart seperate tunica media from adventitia, avascular
A

Tunica Media

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3
Q

Outer layer of Blood and lymphatic vessels

  • Collagen fibers- bundles in excess
  • Elastic Fibers- usually concentrate at inner part
  • Vasa Vasora- vessels supplying vessels present in adventitia of thick walled vessels
A

Tunica Adventita

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4
Q

Lumen small and wall appears appear think compared to Lumen

  • Tunica Intima
  • Tunica Media- thickest zone, lack external elastic membranes
  • Tunica Aventitia
A

Arterioles

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5
Q

Larger in Diameter than companion arterioles

  • Tunica intima
  • tunica Media
  • Tunica Adventita
A

Venules

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6
Q
  • Tunica intima- no internal elastic membrane
  • Tunica Media- no external elastic membrane
  • Tunica Adventita- widest zone, MAY contain vasa vasora
A

Small/Medium Size Veins

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7
Q

Pocket type valves and are made up of folds of tunica intima

A

Venous Valves

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8
Q

Type I- continuous endothelium- most common

Type II- fenestrated endothelium- fenestrated (showing holes). This type occurs where there is absorption of filtration of fluid (i.e. intestines and glomeruli of kidney)

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

Capillary sinusoids

Regular sinusoids

A

Sinusoids

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10
Q

1- Capillaries
2- Sinusoids
3- Arterio-venous anastomosis

A

Connections btn arterial and venous sides

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11
Q

represent the main connection between arterial and venous sides of circulation. Very small vessels with a diameter of 7-9 microns

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

Are flattened branching cells in relation to outer walls of blood capillaries. These cells may differentiate into phagocytotic or contractile cells

A

Pericytes

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13
Q

larger than capillaries. Their diameter ranges between 40-50 microns.

Blood sinusoids found in the liver, spleen and bone marrow

A

True sinusoids

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14
Q

Are present more commonly in some endocrine glands like pituitary or adrenal

A

Sinusoidal Capillaries

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15
Q

Connect arterioles with venules directly, bypassing capillaries.

  • Tunica Intima
  • Tunica Media- Very thick
  • Tunica Adventitia

Locations: Tips of fingers, toes, nose, lips, ears, and some internal organs.

A

Arteriovenous Anastomoses or Shunts

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16
Q

Arteriovenous anastomoses of the fingers and toes made up of branching convuluted vessels

A

glomus

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17
Q

Innermost layer of heart

A. inner zone: a thin sheet of fine collagen fibers

B. Middle zone: Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle fibers

C. Outer zone- frequently called the subendothelium. Made up of loose areoler. Also contains Purkinje Fibers

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

Middle and thickest layer of the heart.

Myocardium sends projections into the lumen to form the papillary muscles

A

Myocardium

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19
Q

Outer layer of the heart

A Serous Layer- covers heart and represents visceral layer of pericardium. Made of mesothelial cells

B. Subepicardial layer- internal to serous membrane connecting it to the myocardium

A

Epicardium

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20
Q

Tricuspid and Mitral.

A

Valves of the heart

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21
Q

found at root of aorta and pulmonary artery

A

Semilunar Valve

22
Q

SA and AV nodes

Purkinje Fibers (Bundle of His)- found in the subendocardium

A

Conduction System of the heart

23
Q

what is excitability?

A

ability to produce action potential in response to a stimulus

24
Q

what is conductivity?

A

ability to propagate action potential along the neural membrane

25
Q

Neurons are?

A

cells with multiple processes,
one AXON conducting action potentials away from cell body

-one or more DENDRITES conducting graded potentitlas toward the cell body

26
Q

cells of support to the nerve cells and their processes. (two main types, each has various subtypes)

A

neuroglia cells

27
Q

Unipolar
pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

A

types of neurons

28
Q

one process

e.g., in spinal ganglia

A

Unipolar or pseudopolar

29
Q

with two processes

e.g., in retina

A

bipolar neurons

30
Q

are with two or more subtypes

A

multipolar neurons

31
Q

Myelin sheath nerve fiber

A

mainly formed of lipid
divided into segments, the internodal segments by constrictions known as NODES OF RANVIER.
Function: SPEED UP CONDUCTION

32
Q

nerve fiber coverings

A

Myelin sheath;

neurolemma or schwann’s sheath

33
Q

Types of synaptic contacts

A

Axosomatic
Axodendritic
Axoaxonic

34
Q

sites of contact between nerve cells or nerve cells and end organs

A

synapses

35
Q

ONLY ONE PER CELL

usually thin and long with terminal branches(telodendria)

A

axon

36
Q

MAY BE ONE OR MORE

usually short thick wall, many branches.

A

dendrites

37
Q

Golgi type II cells have short____?

A

axons

38
Q

Golgi type I cells have long ____?

A

axons

39
Q

Multipolar subtypes

A
  1. Stellate-star shaped
    e. g., in autonomic ganglia
  2. pyramidal- e.g., in cerebral cortex
  3. Piriform- pear shaped, e.g., in cerebellum
  4. Granule cells- small with nucleus filling most of the cell
    e. g., in cerebellum
40
Q

they are PHAGOCYTIC CELLS arising from mesoderm, found in gray and white matter of CNS

A

microglia

41
Q

They FORM THE MYELIN SHEATH around nerves and develop from ectoderm

A

oligodendroglia

42
Q

Two subtypes of astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes- FOUND IN GRAY MATTER OF CNS
Fibrous Astrocytes- FOUND IN WHITE MATTER OF cns;

Astrocytes develop from ectoderm

43
Q

star shaped, mutiple processes ending by perivasculatr feet over bl vessels. They FORM BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

A

Astrocytes

44
Q

3 subtypes of neuroglia proper

A

Astrocytes; Oligodendroglia; Microglia

45
Q

Modified neuroglia found in

A

in CNS and PNS

46
Q

Neuroglia proper found in

A

only in the CNS

47
Q

Neuroglia cells. what is their function and name the two main types.

A

cells of support to nerve cells and their processes

Main types are Neuroglia Proper- Modified neuroglia

48
Q

Types of nerve fibers

A
  1. NAKED FIBERS- No coverings-e.g., grey matter of CNS
  2. MYELINATED BUT NO NEUROLEMMA- e.g., white matter of CNS
  3. NEUROLEMMA BUT NO MYELIN- eg, autonomic nerves
  4. NEUROLEMMA AND MYELIN- e.g., spinal nerves
49
Q

lie outside myelin sheath, series of flat cells with flat nuclei, known as SCHWANN CELLS.
Function: as protective covering, plays role in regenerating nerves, forms myelin sheath

A

neurolemma/schwann sheath

50
Q

Neuroglia functions

A
  1. support nerve cells and processes
  2. control flow of material to N. tissue, perivascular feet form layer around bl vessels, thus BBB
  3. defense of cns via phagocytic microglia
  4. formation of myelin by oligodendroglia
51
Q

Modified neuroglia

A
  1. CNS and PNS
    2.Neurolemma Cells (schwann cells)- present only in PNS
    Satellite Cells- are schwann cells SURROUNDING CELL BODIES OF NEURONS INSIDE GANGLIA
    Ependymal cells- LINING VENTRICLES of the brain and central canal of sp cord, are columnar cells with some cilia

MT Histology Midterm 2 (1 decks)

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