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General A&P > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Neurology

A

The study of the nervous system.

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2
Q

Sensory Function

A

Detects external/internal stimuli.

Carries info to CNS

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3
Q

Integration function

A

Analyzes sensory info and makes decisions on how to respond.
Connects sensory neurons to motor neurons (CNS).

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4
Q

Motor function

A

Carries info from CNS to muscle contraction or gland secretion.

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5
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cell

Produce nerve impulse (action potential).

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6
Q

Dendrite

A

Branches they receive info & carry nerve impulse to cell body.

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7
Q

Cell body

A

Main part of neuron, contains nucleus & organelles.

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8
Q

Axon

A

Usually single branch of neuron

Carries nerve impulse to next neuron, muscle, or gland.

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9
Q

Axon terminal

A

Contains neurotransmitters which cross synapse & send impulse to next neuron, muscle, or gland.

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covers axon
Composed of lipid & protein
Produced by Schwann cells (PNS) & oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Insulates axon &a increases speed of nerve impulse.

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11
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between the myelin sheaths

Nerve impulse jumps from one node to the next.

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12
Q

Neuroglia (glia cells)

A

Make up about 1/2 of nervous system.

Function: support, nourish, & protect nerve cell.

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13
Q

Types of neuroglia in CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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14
Q

Types of neuroglia in PNS

A
  1. Schwann cells

2. Satellite cells

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15
Q

Astrocytes (CNS)

A

Support, maintain chemical balance around neuron, make “blood barrier,” & may be involved in learning and memory.

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16
Q

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

A

Form myelin sheaths

17
Q

Ependymal cells (CNS)

A

Produce, monitor, & aid in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
Form blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

18
Q

Microglia (CNS)

A

Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, & damaged nerve cells.
“Clean up crew”

19
Q

Schwann cells (PNS)

A

Form myelin sheaths for

20
Q

Satellite cells (PNS)

A

Support neurons, regulate exchanges of material between neuron cell bodies & interstitial fluid

21
Q

Unmyelinated axon

A

Continuous conduction
Impulse involves change occurring in axon membrane.

Grey matter

22
Q

Myelinated axon

A

Saltatory conduction
Impulse only changes membrane at nodes (faster).

White matter

23
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

Autoimmune disease that progressively destroys myelin sheaths.
Alternates between relapses & remissions.
Affects women more often than men.

24
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons, dendrites, or both in PNS.

Most found in CNS

25
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

26
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in CNS

Ascending - go up the spinal cord (sensory)
Descending - go down the spinal cord (motor)

27
Q

Nucleus

A

Collection of cell bodies inside CNS

28
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of…

A

Brain & spinal cord

29
Q

CNS Function

A

Analyzes sensory info
Generates thoughts & emotions
Stores memories
Controls muscles & glands

30
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is composed of…

A

Nerves extending from brain & spinal cord (spinal nerves, cranial nerves, spinal plexus), ganglia, & sensory receptors

31
Q

PNS Function

A

Sensory - collects impulses & carries them to CNS

Motor - carries response away from CNA to organs, muscles, or glands

32
Q

Somatic nervous system (PNS)

A

Sensory neurons in skin, limbs, & sense organs (involuntary)

Motor neurons to skeletal muscles (voluntary)

33
Q

Autonomic nervous system or ANS (PNS)

A

Involuntary
Includes sensory & motor neurons (cardiac &a smooth muscles) & glands.

Sympathetic division (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic division (rest & digest)
34
Q

Enteric nervous system (PNS)

A

Involuntary
Controls GI tract
Functions somewhat independently. Communicates with the CNS through sympathetic & parasympathetic neurons.

General A&P (1 decks)

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