Nervous tissue 2

Question 1

What layer of C.T. lies outside of the neurolemma of a nerve fiber?

Answer 1

Endoneurium

Question 2

Bundles of nerve fibers are surrounded by a C.T. membrane called?

Answer 2

Perineurium

Question 3

The whole nerve is covered by a C.T membrane called?

Answer 3

Epineurium

Question 4

This system coordinates, integrates and controls many body fuctions

Answer 4

Nervous system

Question 5

What are the components of the Peripheral Nervous system?

Answer 5

Peripheral nerves, ganglia, and nerve endings

Question 6

What are the components of the Central Nervous system?

Answer 6

Cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Question 7

Ganglia is defined as:

Answer 7

A collection of nerve cells outside the CNS

Question 8

What are the two types of ganglia?

Answer 8

Spinal and autonomic ganglia

Question 9

What are the differences between spinal ganglion and autonomic ganglion?

Answer 9

Spinal ganglion are larger, with pseudounipolar cells, diameter 25-100 microns, fewer in number relative to size of ganglion, arrange in linear groups running parallel to long axis of ganglion close to capsule, nuclei mostly central, satellite sheath almost complete, the type of nerve fibers in the ganglion is myelinated (most) and non-myelinated
Autonomic ganglion are smaller, ganglion cells are multipollar stellae, size 14-40 microns, larger in number relative to size of ganglion, cells are scattered irregularly, nuclei mostly eccentric, satellite sheath incomplete, all are non-myelilanted

Question 10

Each ganglion cell is surrounded by a layer of flat cells with flat nuclei called?

Answer 10

Satellite cells

Question 11

What are nerve endings?

Answer 11

Nerve endings are the terminations of the nerve cells processes in relation to other nerve cells, as in synapses, or in relation to non-nervous structures as skin, muscles, or glands

Question 12

synapses can be classified into tow main categories:

Answer 12

Receptors and Effectors

Question 13

Receptors:

Answer 13

receive sensory impulses of different kinds and relay them to various centers in the CNS

Question 14

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 14

are receptors close to the body surface and they receive impulses that originate from outside the body

Question 15

what are the different types of cutaneous receptors?

Answer 15

free nerve endings, peritrichial plexus, meissner’s corpuscles, merkel’s tactile, genital corpuscles, rufinni corpuscles, kraucers’s end bulb

Question 16

Free nerve endings:

Answer 16

These originate from a sub-epithelial plexus of sensory nerves. They are sensitive mainly to PAIN stimuli, but they may also carry light touch and temperature stimuli.

Question 17

Peritrichial plexus:

Answer 17

Is similar to free nerve endings but around hair follicles

Question 18

Merkel’s Tactile Corpuscles:

Answer 18

This type of ending dis sensitive to light touch.

Question 19

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Answer 19

They are sensitive to light touch and are common in the skin of the fingers, and toes, lips, nipples and genitalia.

Question 20

Genital Corpuscles:

Answer 20

Are modiffied Meissener’s corpuscles found in relation to glens penis, clitoris, and labia minora- light touch

Question 21

Ruffini Corpuscles:

Answer 21

These are temperature receptors sensitive to hot stimuli.

Question 22

Kraucer’s end bulb

Answer 22

This type of receptors is sensitive to cold stimuli.

Question 23

Special Sensory receptors:

Answer 23

Include taste, olfactory, auditory, and visual receptors.

Question 24

What are propioceptors?

Answer 24

Are receptors located in body walls and receive impulses from inside the body, in particular the musculoskeletal system.

Question 25

What are the different types of proprioceptors?

Answer 25

Pacinian corpuscles, muscle spindles, tendon spindels

Question 26

Pacinian corpuscles:

Answer 26

This ending is sensitive to deep pressure and probably vibration sense. It is found deep in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, periosteum, mesentery, tendons, ligaments, and muscles.

Question 27

Muscle spindles:

Answer 27

spindle shaped, found in relation to skeletal muscles close to muculotendinous juctions, act as stretch receptors carrying impulses in relation to the extend and velocity of the contraction.

Question 28

Tendon Spindles

Answer 28

(Golgi tendon organs) encapsulated spindle shaped found between tendons fibers close to its junction with the muscle. Act as stretch receptors carrying action potentials in relation to the tension of the muscle

Question 29

What are interoceptors (viceroceptors)?

Answer 29

Are receptors in relation to visceral organs and blood vessels.
-mechanical or chemical stimuli

Question 30

What are effectors?

Answer 30

Motor impulses form CNS to end organs (muslces, organs etc) may be somatic motor or autonomic

Question 31

Somatic motor endings:

Answer 31

occur in relation to skeletal muscles and are called motor end plate. This is where the motor terminal makes contact with skeletal fibers

Question 32

Motor ending to glands (secretory endings)

Answer 32

arise from the pericinar plexus, control the secretory activity of the gland

Question 33

Autonomic motor endings:

Answer 33

occur in relation to smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. The autonomic motor fibers arise form the autonomic plexuses in the wall of the visceral organs.

Question 34

What are the physiological properties of nervous tissue?

Answer 34

Excitability- is the ability to produce action potentials in response to a stimulus.
Conductivity- is the ability to propagate action potential along the neural membrane

Question 35

What are the two types of nervous tissue cells?

Answer 35

Neurons and neuroglia cells

Question 36

Neuron

Answer 36

are cells with multiple processes, one axon conducting the action potentials away from the cell body and one or more dendrites conducting graded potentials toward the cell body.

Question 37

Neuroglia cells

Answer 37

These are cells of support to the nerve cells and their processes. They are of two mail types, each has various subtypes.

Question 38

What are the 3 different types of neurons?

Answer 38

Unipolar or psedounipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

Question 39

Whar are unipolar or pseudounipolar neurons?

Answer 39

Neurons with one process found mainly in spinal ganglia

Question 40

What are bipolar neurons?

Answer 40

Neurons with two processes, found in the retina of the eye

Question 41

What are multipolar neurons?

Answer 41

Neurons with more than two processes. Sub types are:
Stellae: Star-shaped–found in autonomic nervous system
Pyramidal: Pyramid shaped–found in the cerebral cortex
Piriformed: Pear-shaped –found in the cerebellum
Granule cells- small with nucleus filling most of the cell–found in the cerebellum