Nervous Tissue Flashcards
Astrocytes provide a protection of the brain called the
Blood brain barrier
Neuroglia
At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is..
presynaptic
This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS
Ependymal
Neuroglia
Produces the myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia
Supports neurons in the ganglia
Satellite cells
Neuroglia
Star shaped and supports neurons in the CNS
Astrocytes
Neuroglia
Smallest in size of the neuroglia
microglia
neuroglia
Forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS
Schwann
Neuroglia
3 Functions of the nervous system are:
Sensation
Integration
Motor (to effector)
The synaptic cleft is the space that a __________ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitter
What is the difference between a nerve and a tract?
Nerve is in the PNS
Tract is in the CNS
The insulating material of a neuron in the PNS is
Myelin
Name 3 characteristics that would increase the speed of nerve transmission
Larger diameter
Myelin
Warmer temperature
The body’s natural pain-killer is
Endorphines
A neurotransmitter that helps regulates moods is
Seratonin
The “fight or flight” nervous system is
Sympathetic
Highly branched; input part of the neuron
Dendrites
Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Bundle of many axons in the CNS
tract
Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS
afferent/sensory
Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector
Motor/efferent
Produces myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cell
Group of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglia
Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron
Axon
The portion of the neuron containing the nucleus
Cell body
Sac in which the neurotransmitter is stored
Synaptic vessicle
Neuron located entirely within the CNS
Interneuron
Substance used for communication at chemical synapses
Neurontransmitter
Bundle of many axons in the PNS
Nerve
Rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal
Synaptic end bulb
This type of neuron takes impulses to muscles
motor/efferent
An axon carries an impulse____from a cell body
away
A neurotransmitter must cross the_______to initiate and impulse in postsynaptic neuron
Synaptic cleft
A motor neuron is an example of____nerve
efferent
A myelinated neuron appears to be what color?
white
MS is more common in
Women
Membrane where inner and outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charge
depolarized
Membrane where an inner and outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge
polarized
Time during which a neuron can’t be stimulated to initiate an impulse
refractory period
Ions found in high concentration inside the plasma membrane
K+
Ions found in high concentration outside the plasma membrane
Na+
The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane
Resting potential
-70mv
The mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to greater concentration
Active transport/ Sodium pump
The portion of the nervous system that regulates the gastrointestinal tract is the
Enteric nervous system
Damage to dendrites would interfere with a neurons ability to
receive input
The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the
Oligodendrocytes
A bundle of axons in the CNS is
a tract
In a resting neuron
The sodium-potassium pump helps maintain the low concentration of Na+ inside the cell
The depolarizing phase of a nerve impulse is cause by a
Rush of Na+ into the neuron
If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as
The all-or-none principle
Saltatory conduction occurs
At the Nodes of Ranvier
The speed of a nerve impulse conduction is increased by
myelination
For a signal to be transmitted by means of a chemical synapse from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron,
The post synaptic neuron must contain neurotransmitter receptors
What would happen at the postsynaptic neuron if the total inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitters were greater than the total excitatory effects?
No nerve impulse would be generated
Inhibitory amino acid in the CNS
GABA
A gaseous neurotransmitter that is not packaged into synaptic vessicles
Nitric oxide
Excitatory amino acid in the CNS
Glutamate
Body’s natural pain killer
Endorphines
Helps regulate mood
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that activates skeletal muscle fibers
Acetylcholine
The portion of a neuron containing the nucleus
Cell body
Rounded structure at the end of the axon terminal
Synaptic end bulb
Highly branched, input part of a neuron
Dendrite
Sac in which neurotransmitter is stored
Synaptic vessicle
Neuron located entirely within the CNS
Interneuron
Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron
Axon
Produces myelin sheath in the PNS
Schwann cell
Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
Substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction
Myelin sheath
Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS
Sensory neuron
Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector
Motor neuron
Bundle of many axons in the PNS
Nerve
Bundle of many axons in the CNS
Tract
Group of cell bodies in the PNS
ganglion
Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Substance used for communication at chemical synapses
Neurotransmitter