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Human Anatomy Midterm 2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

A study of the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system.

A

Neurology

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2
Q

The brain and cranial nerves (and their branches)
Spinal cord & spinal nerves (and their branches)
Ganglia
Enteric plexuses and sensory receptors
All the above make up the ___________

A

Human nervous system

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3
Q

A Bundle of axons is called

A

Nerve

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4
Q

What are small masses of nervous tissue (neuron cell bodies) outside
the brain & spinal cord called

A

Ganglia

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5
Q

The networks of neurons located in the walls of GI tract organs;

A

Enteric plexuses

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6
Q

What helps regulate digestive system activities?

A

Enteric plexuses

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7
Q

What are the swellings/knots found outside of the brain and spinal cord

A

Ganglion

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8
Q

What are specialized nerve endings?

A

Sensory receptors

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9
Q

CNS is made of _________ and ____________

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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10
Q

PNS is made up of _______, ________ an d __________

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
ganglia

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11
Q

Brain contains _______ neurons

A

85 billion

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12
Q

The spinal cord contains ____neurons

A

100 million

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13
Q

There are ____ cranial nerves and they emerge from ______

A
  1. Brain
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14
Q

There are ____ spinal nerves and they emerge from ______

A
  1. Spinal cord
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15
Q

______ detects stimuli and transmits information from receptors to CNS

A

Sensory nervous system

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16
Q

Sensory nervous system is divided into 2 namely:

A

Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory

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17
Q

________ initiates and transmits information from the CNS to the effectors

A

Motor nervous system

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18
Q

Motor nervous system is broken down into 2 parts namely:

A

Somatic motor
Autonomic motor

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19
Q

The sensory and motor nervous system, both with CNS and
PNS components perform three general functions

A
  1. Collect information: Receptors in PNS detect changes in the environment; and pass information on to CNS.
  2. Process and evaluate information: CNS determines a required response
  3. Initiate response: CNS initiates impulses (rapid movements of an electrical charge) that PNS carries to effectors (muscles or glands) to react to changes in the environment
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20
Q

Sensory nervous system carries ____1____neurons and receives info from ___2___ to ____3____

A
  1. Afferent neurons
  2. PNS
  3. CNS
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21
Q

Which sensory system controls
the general senses like touch, pain, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

A

Somatic sensory

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22
Q

which sensory controls impulses from blood vessels and viscera

A

Visceral Sensory

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23
Q

Motor nervous system uese ____1____neurons and sends info from ___2___ to ____3____

A
  1. Efferent neurons
  2. CNS
  3. thro PNS to muscles & glands
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24
Q

Which motor is voluntary; and conducts impulses that cause contraction of skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic motor (somatic nervous system; SNS):

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25
Which motor is involuntary; conducts impulses that regulate smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands
Autonomic motor (autonomic nervous system; ANS):
26
What detects stimuli in the internal & external environments, resulting in sensory information being transmitted by sensory or afferent neurons to the brain or spinal cord?
Sensory receptors
27
What analyzes the sensory information to provide perception, storing some of it, and making decisions regarding appropriate behaviors?
Integrative function (interneurons):
28
What responds to integration decisions by initiating actions in effectors, including muscle fibers and glandular cells?
Motor function (motor/efferent neurons):
29
Which voluntary branch of SNS conveys information from sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, and for the special senses (vision, hearing, taste, and smell) to the CNS.
Somatic sensory neurons
30
Which voluntary branch of SNS conveys information from the CNS to skeletal muscles only, and are involved in the output of information from the CNS that results in a muscular contraction?
Somatic motor neurons
31
Which voluntary branch of ANS conveys information mainly from visceral organs (smooth muscle organs in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) to the CNS.
autonomic (visceral) sensory neurons
32
Which voluntary branch of ANS conveys information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands and cause the muscles to contract and the glands to secrete
Autonomic motor neurons
33
What is called the “brain of the gut”.
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
34
ENS consists of over _______ neurons that occur throughout most of the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
100 million
35
Which part of ENS monitors chemical changes within the GI tract and the stretching of its walls?
ENS sensory neurons
36
Which part of ENS governs the contraction of GI tract smooth muscle and secretions of acid from the stomach, and endocrine cells, which secrete hormones
ENS motor neurons
37
Nervous tissue is a vascular tissue comprised of two types of cells, namely?
Neurons Neuroglia.
38
What are the highly specialized cells? They cannot undergo mitotic divisions. Are electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses?
Neurons
39
What are the non-excitable cells that support and protect the neurons. they supports, nourishes, protects neurons, and maintains the interstitial fluid that bathes them. They continue to divide throughout an individual’s lifetime (mitotic)
Neuroglia
40
Brain tumors are more likely to be derived from ________ than neurons.
glial cells
41
Is Glial cells found in both CNS & PNS? Yes or No
Yes
42
Neuroglia/Glial cells under CNS are
1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependymal cells
43
Neuroglia/Glial cells under PNS are
1. Schwann cells 2. Neurolemmocytes 3. Satellite cells
44
Astrocytes are of 2 types
1. Protoplasmic astrocytes (gray matter) 2. Fibrous astrocytes (white matter)
45
Functions of Astrocytes:
1. Help form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) 2. Regulate tissue fluid composition 3. Form a structural network 4. Replace damaged neurons 5. Assist neuronal development 6. Help regulate synaptic transmission 7. Change synapse numbers
46
what helps produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and helps form choroid plexus?
Ependymal cells
47
___________ originate in red bone marrow and migrate into the CNS as it develops.
Microglia
48
Microglia function as ________and they remove cellular debris, microbes and damaged nervous tissue.
‘phagocytes’,
49
Associated with CNS axons only, Produce myelin, which is an insulator of electrical activity...
Oligodendrocytes
50
______________ surrounds axons and cell bodies.
Neuroglia of the PNS
51
_________ surround the cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia
Satellite cells
52
___________ encircle PNS axons and form the myelin sheath around axons.
Schwann cells
53
_____________ is located at the end of the axon and is involved in transmitting signals to other cells at synapses.
the axon terminal
54
__________ transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells
An axon
55
The region where the axon connects to the cell body is the _________
Axon hillock
56
_________ vary in shape, but most have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon
Neurons
57
_________ receive signals and transfer them to the cell body
Dendrites
58
free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum make up the ________________
Chromatophilic substance
59
Cell body contains several organelles such as
Nucleus with nucleolus Mitochondria Chromatophilic substance
60
* High metabolic rate * Extreme longevity * Nonmitotic * Excitable (respond to a stimulus) * Conductive (propagate electrical signal) These are characteristics of _______
Neuron
61
______________ is a specialized region at the beginning of the axon, close to the cell body, where action potentials are initiated
the axon hillock

Human Anatomy Midterm 2 (8 decks)

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