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Psychology > Nervous systems > Flashcards

Nervous systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pseudoscience

A

A pseudoscience is a fake science that has well established beliefs that has not changed over centuries
- No scientific method

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2
Q

Compare and contrast between psychologist and Psychiatrist

A

A Psychologist cannot proscribe medication
- Work is more concerned with thought processes and behaviour
- Training is minimum of 6 years
Broad field
A Psychiatrist can medicate people
- Training a minimum of 9 years
- Very narrow field / works with people only with a mental illness

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3
Q

What is Clinical

A

Focuses on people with mental illness or behavioural disorders

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4
Q

What is Cognitive

A

Looks at thoughts, memories and perception

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5
Q

What is Counselling

A

Deals with life issues such as family, marriage or school problems

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6
Q

What is Developmental

A

Addresses aspects of psychological development from conception to death

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7
Q

What is Educational

A

Focuses on teaching and learning in educational settings

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8
Q

What is Forensic

A

Deals with criminal behaviour in legal situations and prisons

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9
Q

What is the human nervous system and what are the 3 main steps

A

A complex communication system through which info is transmitted continuously around the body.
Three Main Functions of NS:
a) to receive information
b) to process information
c) to coordinate a response

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10
Q

What is the CNS and what does it consist of

A

The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Its main function is to process information received from the body’s internal and external environments and to activate an appropriate response

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11
Q

What is the spinal cord

A

The spinal cord is the long thin bundle of nerve tissue that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back (route for messages to and from the brain)

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12
Q

what is the PNS

A

The PNS is all the nerves located outside the CNS
It extends from the top of the head to the tips of your fingers
Its main function os to transmit information to and from the CNS

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13
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Carries information to the CNS from your body organs, muscles and glands (internal environment) and from the sensory organs (external Enviroment)
- Carries information from the CNS to the body muscles organs and glands
- The PNS does those via the teo sub divisions somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

The somatic nervous system is a network of nerves that carries sensory information to the CNS and motor info from the CNS

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15
Q

What is the Autonomic nervous system

A

The autonomic nervous systen (ANS) is a subdividon of the PNS that connects the CNS to the body internal organs eg heart liver etc and also glands which provides feedback to the brain about there activities

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16
Q

What are the divisions of the ANS

A

There are two divisions of the ANS which complement and counterbalance each others activities

1 - Sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for increasing the activity of most muscles, organs and glands

2 - Parasympathetc NS, This NS is responsible for decreasing the activity of most muscles organs and glands

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17
Q

What protects the CNS

A

Skull
- Solid bone
- 22 bones
Spine
- Vertrbrea protect the spinal cord

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18
Q

What does the hindbrain do

A

An area at the base of the brain including the medulla and pons and also the cerebellum
Pons - Links your brain to your spinal cord
Medulla - Primarily involved in regulating autonomic functions
Cerebellum - Primarily involved in skeletal muscle movement and coordination

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19
Q

Role of the midbrain and parts of it

A

Part of the brain stem in the centre of the brain and is responsible for
- Processing sensory information
- Regulating sleep and physiological arousal
- Involved in motor movement

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20
Q

What is the Reticular formation and what is it responsible for

A

A net like structure of neurons which extends along the brainstem, connecting various parts of the brain and spinal cord
- Filters. information to the brain
- Regulating the sleep/wake cycle
- Regulatings physiological arousal and alertness

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21
Q

Define the Forebrain and the parts of it

A

The largest area of the brain located at the top and front of the brain
- Cerebrum: Responsible for range of sophisticated functions
-Thalamus: Filters info for motor and sensory signals
-Hypothalamus: Involved in homeostatic functions aswell as emotional behaviours

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22
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain and what is its function

A

The thick band of nerve fibres connecting the 2 hemispheres is called the corpus callosum, this allows for communication

23
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

The tissue that forms the outer layer of the upper part of the cerebrum
- It controls both basic sensory and motor skills as well as higher mental functions eg language memory etc

24
Q

What is the frontal lobe

A

Speaking
Planning
Judging
Abstract thinking
Personality aspects
Physical movement

25
Q

What does the parietal lobe control

A

Sense of touch
Body position

26
Q

What does the occipital lobe do

A

Information
Related to sight

27
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Comprehension
Sound
Speech

28
Q

What are neurotransmitters

A

The bodys natural chemical messages to be sent along the neuron, while other neurotransmitters can inhibit (slow or stop) activity

29
Q

What is the synapse

A

The site where communication occurs between adjacent neurons
COMPONENTS OF A SYNAPSE
- Axons/terminal, buttons on the presynaptic (sending) neuron
- Dendrites of the postsynaptic (receiving) neuron
- Synaptic gap

30
Q

Explain Neural Communication

A

Comminication occurs by sending a neurotrnsmitter across a synapse from yhr parasympathetic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron

31
Q

Explain the process of neural communication

A

-When carrying a message to another neuron neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites of postsynaptic neurons
-Postsynaptic neurons are specialised to receive that specific neurotransmitter

32
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Adrenaline

A

Produced in stressful or exiting situations. Increases heartrate & blood flow, leading to a physical boost & higher awareness

33
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Noradrenaline

A

Affects attention & responding actionin the brain and is involved in fight/flight response, contracts blood vessels , increases blood flow

34
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Dopamine

A

Feelings of pleasure and also addiction, movement and motivation. People repeat behaviours that lead to dopamine release

35
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Serotonin

A

Contributes to well being & happiness, helps sleep cycle aswell as the digestive system. This is affected by exercise and light exposure

36
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: GABA

A

Calms firing nerves in CNS. High levels imporves focus; low levels cause anxiety. Also contributes to motor control & vision

37
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine

A

Involved in thought, learning and memory. Activates muscle action in the body. Also associated with attention and awakening

38
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Glutamate

A

Most common brain neurotransmitter involed in learning & memory, regulates development & creation of nerve contracts

39
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters: Endorphins

A

Released during exercise, exitement & sex, producing well being and euphoria, reducing pain. Biologically active section shown

40
Q

Explain conscious response

A

An action coordinated by the body that is performed with voluntary control and intention

  • Awareness of the brain
41
Q

Explain Unconscious response

A

An action coordinated by the body that occurs automatically

  • Without awareness of the brain
42
Q
  • Reaction involves the brain and a level of awareness
  • Paid attention to stimuli
  • Voluntary or intentional reaction
  • Often goal-directed or purposeful
  • Can be a more complex response
  • Tend to Vary
  • Can be learned
  • Can control it

This is ________

A

Conscious response to stimuli

43
Q
  • Reaction does not involve a level of awareness by the brain
  • Do not have to pay attention for it to happen
  • Involuntary or unintentional
  • Reflexive or automatic, increasing chances of survival
  • Most are simple responses
  • Tend to occur in the same way each time
  • Do not require learning
  • May not be able to control it

This is ______ response to stimuli

A

Unconscious response to stimuli

44
Q

What is the spinal reflex

A

A spinal reflex is an unconscious, involuntary and automatically occurring response to certain stimuli without any involvement of the brain.

45
Q

What are conscious experiences

A

Thought - Mental conditons: our ideas, opinions and beliefs about ourselves and the world around us

Feeling - An emotional state

Behaviour - Observable actions

These three are interconnected and interdependent

46
Q

What are the Spinal cord nerves

A

Cervical
-Head and neck
-Diaphram
-Deltoids and bicep
-Wrist extendors
-Triceps
-Hand

Thoracic
-Chest muscles
-Abdominal muscles

Lumbar
-Leg muscles

Saceral
-Bowel and bladder
Sexual frustration

47
Q

Describe spinal cord injury

A

The level where the injury occurs determins the effects that the person suffers

Spinal cord damage is classified according to the persons type of loss of motor and sensory function.

48
Q

Explain the types of spinal cord injury

A

Quadriplegia: Four limbs affected by impaired sensation and movement. If spinal injury is high up the spine, then chest muscles like diaphragm can be affected.

Paraplegia: Two limbs affected (Left&right legs) by impaired sensation and movement.

Triplegia: Rare incomplete spinal cord injury leads to 3 limbs (1 arm 2 legs) affected byimpaired sensation and movement

49
Q

Symptoms of spinal cord injury

A
  • Muscle weakness or paralysis
    -Sensory dysfuction such as loss of sensation or pins and needles
  • Sexial dysfunction
    -Digestive problems
50
Q

What is Clinical Psychology

A

psychology that deals with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and mental disorders.

51
Q

Explain Mentally Healthy

A
  • Being in a positive state of mind
  • Coping with life’s daily challenges
  • Working productively
  • Being able to connect with others
52
Q

Explain mental health problem

A
  • Affects the way a person thinks, feels and behaves
  • Normal, short-term reaction to daily challenges
53
Q

Mental health disorder

A
  • a State where you act, feel and think negatively usually by personal distress
  • Difference between a mental health problem is
    = Lasts longer
    =Causes disruption to a person’s life
54
Q

What characteristics must apply for a mental health disorder to be present

A
  • Dysfunction
  • Causes physical and mental personal distress
  • Not a result from personal conflict

Psychology (2 decks)

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