Nervous system: week 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of Behaviour?
An organisms internally coordinated response to its internal or external environment.
In order to produce responses, we have 3 systems that interact with the environment
Immune system.
-Endocrine system. (Hormonal system)
-Nervous system (Rapid and precise responses to stimuli)
What does it take for an organism to behave?
-Ability to register information from the environment
-resulting in an internal change (processing of information) (Transformation)
-generating an appropriate response
In Single cell organisms..
-Molecule (such as nutrient) attaches itself to the outer shell (membrane) of the organism.
-This triggers a cascade of chemical changes inside the cell
-Resulting in the response of a particular behaviour (example: movement)
In complex cell organisms..
-Molecule attaches itself to the cell membrane of a receptor cell.
-This triggers a cascade of chemical changes inside the receptor cell (cascade of cascades)
-This triggers corresponding chemical changes in other nerve cells, generating a nerve impulse, thats transmitted along SPECIFIC neural pathways.
-Eventually (not directly) resulting in activation of output systems (such as motor areas of the brain)
What does complex behaviour do
involves constant monitoring of the behaviour itself.
difference between animal and plant behaviour?
Animals can have various appropriate responses to stimuli.
Because they have a nervous system, they can interact flexibly with the environment.
(Plants cannot interact flexibly)
-You can predict a plants response, not an animals’.
Label the different parts of the Neurone.
-> Cell body
->Long line= Axon
Peripheral nervous system consists of 2 parts…
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
What time of nervous system do sea stars and hydra have?
Uncentralized nervous system (with nerve nets or nerve rings)
What is in charge of voluntary control?
Skeletal muscles from the somatic nervous system
what is in charge of involuntary control?
muscles and glands from the sympathetic (fight/flight) parasympathetic (rest/maintenance) nervous system
Describe the monosynaptic reflex arc (knee jerk reflex)
Receptors (muscle spindles) in each muscle fibre activate sensory neurone when muscle is stretched.
Axons enter spinal cord through the dorsal root
this connects directly with the motor neurone
axons exit spinal cord through the ventral root
activate same muscle from which the signals originated from.
This causes it to contract.
True or false: A Monosynaptic reflex can have additional synaptic connections
True
Describe the Polysynaptic reflex arc
-Sensory neuron connects to an interneuron (neuron between 2 neurons) which connects to a motor neuron
-The receptor and effector are in 2 different places
-More flexible arrangement
