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Anaphy - Nervous System > Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

two major parts of NS

A

CNS (Central Nervous System) & PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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2
Q

The CNS contains

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The PNS contains

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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5
Q

Neuron is composed of

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

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6
Q

core section of the neuron

A

cell body

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7
Q

part of neuron composed of protein and fatty substances

A

myelin sheath

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8
Q

gaps formed between the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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9
Q

cell that surrounds neurons

A

Schwann cells

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10
Q

transmits information away from the cell body to adjacent neurons

A

Axon

clue: A = away

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11
Q

transmits information towards the cell body to adjacent neurons which receive information from axon terminals

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

20% body weight, 1400g in young adult, 1200g in elderly

A

Brain

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13
Q

Three main section of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

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14
Q

Part of brain responsible for reasoning, problem solving; judgment, thinking; 80% of brain

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Part of brain responsible for transmission of information from one side of the brain to the other; connects the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Part of brain responsible for memory, sensation, and pain impulses pass through this section; relay station for all sensation except smell

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

body’s smart control coordinating center; regulates pituitary gland, hunger, thermoregulation

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

maintains balance, posture, coordination

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

The brainstem consists of the ______________, _______________, and _____________

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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20
Q

topmost part of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

center for auditory and visual reflexes

A

Midbrain

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22
Q

where cranial nerves III and IV originates

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance

A

Pons

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24
Q

where cranial nerves V and VIII originates

A

Pons

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25
Q

where cranial nerves IX and XII originates

A

Medulla oblongata

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26
Q

terminal part of brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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27
Q

Reflex centers for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and sneezing

A

medulla oblongata

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28
Q

Four lobes of cerebral hemisphere

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

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29
Q

concentration, abstract thought, information storage and motor function, decision-making and movement and recognition of smell

A

frontal lobe

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30
Q

Located in the frontal lobe. Motor control of speech

A

Broca’s area

31
Q

Damage to Broca’s area. The inability to produce language (despite being able to understand language)

A

Expressive aphasia

32
Q

involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body

A

parietal lobe

33
Q

identify objects and understand spatial relationships— essential to a person’s awareness of body position in space, size and shape discrimination, and right-left orientation

A

parietal lobe

34
Q

responsible for visual interpretation (vision)

A

occipital lobe

35
Q

damage to occipital lobe that leads to inability of the person to read

A

Alexia

36
Q

involved in auditory reception, speech/language; plays a role in memory of sound and music.

A

Temporal lobe

37
Q

Located in the temporal lobe. Primarily involved in speech comprehension. It is the center for language development

A

Wernicke’s area

38
Q

damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Receptive aphasia

39
Q

fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord, provide protection, support, and nourishment.

A

Meninges

40
Q

outermost layer; covers the brain and the spinal cord. It is tough, thick, inelastic, fibrous, and gray

A

Dura mater

41
Q

middle membrane; an extremely thin, delicate membrane that closely resembles a spider web

A

Arachnoid mater

42
Q

has cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the space below arachnoid mater

A

Subarachnoid space

43
Q

fingerlike projections that absorb CSF into the venous system

A

Subarachnoid villi

44
Q

innermost, thin, transparent layer that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brain’s surface

A

Pia mater

45
Q

clear, colorless watery fluid that flows in and around the brain and spinal cord

A

CSF

46
Q

produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

47
Q

amount of CSF produced per day

A

approx 500ml/day

48
Q

normal CSF pressure

A

70-180 mmHg

49
Q

normal CSF glucose

A

50-80 mg/dL

50
Q

normal CSF protein

A

20-50 mg/dl

51
Q

normal CSF specific gravity

A

1.007

52
Q

length of spinal cord

A

45 cm or 18 in

53
Q

thickness of spinal cord

A

a finger

54
Q

Spinal cord pathway for sensory (afferent)

clue: A = akyat

A

Ascending pathway

55
Q

Spinal cord pathway for motor (efferent)

clue: E = exit

A

Descending pathway

56
Q

Patient feels pain if neck is flexed forward

A

Nuchal rigidity

57
Q

When patient is placed in supine, pain is felt upon straightening a flexed leg

A

Kernig’s sign

58
Q

When neck is flexed forward, knee flexion follows

A

Brudzinki’s Sign

59
Q

prolonged arching of back, with head and heels bent backward, and meningeal irritation

A

Opisthotonus

60
Q

Inward flexion of upper and lower extremities

A

Decortication

61
Q

Deconjugate movement of eyes

A

Doll’s eye sign

62
Q

CSF leakage from ears

A

Otorrhea

63
Q

CSF leakage from nose

A

Rhinorrhea

64
Q

increased CSF leads to

A

Hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, increased ICP

65
Q

Decreased glucose, and increased protein leads to

A

Meningitis/infection

66
Q

Increased specific gravity leads to what?

A

FVD, DHN, Decreased CVP

67
Q

Definitive test for meningitis

A

Lumbar tap

68
Q

Patient’s position for lumbar tap

A

knee-chest, fetal position, side-lying, sitting/leaning forward

69
Q

Patient should be flat on bed for ________ post lumbar tap to prevent spinal headache

A

6-8h

70
Q

Cloudy CSF indicates

A

infection

71
Q

Reddish or bloody CSF indicates

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

72
Q

Trace the production of CSF from the choroid plexus to the subarachnoid space

A

Choroid plexus - lateral ventricle - 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle - subarachnoid space

73
Q

pH of CSF

A

slightly alkaline (7.30-7.36)

Anaphy - Nervous System (2 decks)

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