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Anaphy - Nervous System > Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

two major parts of NS

A

CNS (Central Nervous System) & PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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2
Q

The CNS contains

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The PNS contains

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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5
Q

Neuron is composed of

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

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6
Q

core section of the neuron

A

cell body

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7
Q

part of neuron composed of protein and fatty substances

A

myelin sheath

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8
Q

gaps formed between the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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9
Q

cell that surrounds neurons

A

Schwann cells

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10
Q

transmits information away from the cell body to adjacent neurons

A

Axon

clue: A = away

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11
Q

transmits information towards the cell body to adjacent neurons which receive information from axon terminals

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

20% body weight, 1400g in young adult, 1200g in elderly

A

Brain

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13
Q

Three main section of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

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14
Q

Part of brain responsible for reasoning, problem solving; judgment, thinking; 80% of brain

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Part of brain responsible for transmission of information from one side of the brain to the other; connects the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Part of brain responsible for memory, sensation, and pain impulses pass through this section; relay station for all sensation except smell

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

body’s smart control coordinating center; regulates pituitary gland, hunger, thermoregulation

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

maintains balance, posture, coordination

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

The brainstem consists of the ______________, _______________, and _____________

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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20
Q

topmost part of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

center for auditory and visual reflexes

A

Midbrain

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22
Q

where cranial nerves III and IV originates

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance

A

Pons

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24
Q

where cranial nerves V and VIII originates

A

Pons

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25
where cranial nerves IX and XII originates
Medulla oblongata
26
terminal part of brain stem
medulla oblongata
27
Reflex centers for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and sneezing
medulla oblongata
28
Four lobes of cerebral hemisphere
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
29
concentration, abstract thought, information storage and motor function, decision-making and movement and recognition of smell
frontal lobe
30
Located in the frontal lobe. Motor control of speech
Broca's area
31
Damage to Broca's area. The inability to produce language (despite being able to understand language)
Expressive aphasia
32
involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body
parietal lobe
33
identify objects and understand spatial relationships--- essential to a person's awareness of body position in space, size and shape discrimination, and right-left orientation
parietal lobe
34
responsible for visual interpretation (vision)
occipital lobe
35
damage to occipital lobe that leads to inability of the person to read
Alexia
36
involved in auditory reception, speech/language; plays a role in memory of sound and music.
Temporal lobe
37
Located in the temporal lobe. Primarily involved in speech comprehension. It is the center for language development
Wernicke's area
38
damage to Wernicke's area
Receptive aphasia
39
fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord, provide protection, support, and nourishment.
Meninges
40
outermost layer; covers the brain and the spinal cord. It is tough, thick, inelastic, fibrous, and gray
Dura mater
41
middle membrane; an extremely thin, delicate membrane that closely resembles a spider web
Arachnoid mater
42
has cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the space below arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
43
fingerlike projections that absorb CSF into the venous system
Subarachnoid villi
44
innermost, thin, transparent layer that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brain's surface
Pia mater
45
clear, colorless watery fluid that flows in and around the brain and spinal cord
CSF
46
produces CSF
choroid plexus
47
amount of CSF produced per day
approx 500ml/day
48
normal CSF pressure
70-180 mmHg
49
normal CSF glucose
50-80 mg/dL
50
normal CSF protein
20-50 mg/dl
51
normal CSF specific gravity
1.007
52
length of spinal cord
45 cm or 18 in
53
thickness of spinal cord
a finger
54
Spinal cord pathway for sensory (afferent) | clue: A = akyat
Ascending pathway
55
Spinal cord pathway for motor (efferent) | clue: E = exit
Descending pathway
56
Patient feels pain if neck is flexed forward
Nuchal rigidity
57
When patient is placed in supine, pain is felt upon straightening a flexed leg
Kernig's sign
58
When neck is flexed forward, knee flexion follows
Brudzinki's Sign
59
prolonged arching of back, with head and heels bent backward, and meningeal irritation
Opisthotonus
60
Inward flexion of upper and lower extremities
Decortication
61
Deconjugate movement of eyes
Doll's eye sign
62
CSF leakage from ears
Otorrhea
63
CSF leakage from nose
Rhinorrhea
64
increased CSF leads to
Hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, increased ICP
65
Decreased glucose, and increased protein leads to
Meningitis/infection
66
Increased specific gravity leads to what?
FVD, DHN, Decreased CVP
67
Definitive test for meningitis
Lumbar tap
68
Patient's position for lumbar tap
knee-chest, fetal position, side-lying, sitting/leaning forward
69
Patient should be flat on bed for ________ post lumbar tap to prevent spinal headache
6-8h
70
Cloudy CSF indicates
infection
71
Reddish or bloody CSF indicates
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
72
Trace the production of CSF from the choroid plexus to the subarachnoid space
Choroid plexus - lateral ventricle - 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle - subarachnoid space
73
pH of CSF
slightly alkaline (7.30-7.36)

Anaphy - Nervous System (2 decks)

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