Nervous System (O2) Flashcards

1
Q

function of eyelid

A

covers + protects eye

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2
Q

function of conjunctiva

A

covers white of eyes

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3
Q

function of retina

A

contains photoreceptor cells- extension of brain

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4
Q

function of fovea

A

responsible for the sharpest vision

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5
Q

function of optic disc

A

nerve fibers leave the eye- creates blind spot

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6
Q

function of optic nerve

A

exits at optic disk + transmits info from eye to occipital lobe

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7
Q

function of cornea

A

transparent dome that focuses light

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8
Q

function of sclera

A

communication of cornea- the white of eyes

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9
Q

function of aqueous humor

A

liquid surrounding lens

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10
Q

function of lens

A

focusing

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11
Q

function of vitreous humor

A

supports internal parts

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12
Q

function of choroid

A

contains blood vessels

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13
Q

what is the pathway light takes from the eye to the brain

A

cornea – aqueous humor – pupil – iris controls amount of light – lens – reflects through vitreous humor – onto the retina

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14
Q

what do you see with rods

A

black + white

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15
Q

what do you see with cones

A

colors- red, green, blue

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16
Q

if you see a red car, what color is being reflected

A

red

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17
Q

what is myopia

A

nearsighted

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18
Q

what is hyperopia

A

farsighted

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19
Q

what is astigmatism

A

part of your field of view is out of view

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20
Q

what eye structure is involved with glaucoma and what happens?

A

pressure from VITREOUS HUMOR damages OPTIC NERVE

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21
Q

what eye structure is involved with leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and what happens?

A

variants in the RPE65 protein expressed in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS

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22
Q

what eye structure is involved with cataracts and what happens?

A

clouding of the LENS

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23
Q

what eye structure is involved with aniridia and what happens?

A

person is born without IRIS

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24
Q

what eye structure is involved with retinal detatchment and what happens?

A

RETINA pulls away from supportive tissue

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25
Q

what eye structure is involved with conjunctivitis and what happens?

A

(pink eye) discharge in the CONJUNCTIVA, redness, itchiness

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26
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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28
Q

sensory input

A

gathering info, monitor changes in and out of the body

29
Q

motor output

A

activates muscles, glands organs, to respond to stimuli

30
Q

somatic

A

voluntary

31
Q

autonomic

A

involuntary

32
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest + digest
conserves energy

33
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

34
Q

pathway of stimuli through nervous system

A

stimulus – sensory input; nerve fibers carry info to CNS – PNS, CNS – nerve fibers carry impulses away from CNS – motor output – somatic OR autonomic
somatic – ends
autonomic – parasympathetic OR sympathetic

35
Q

pathway of stimuli through nervous system EXAMPLE: touching a hot pan

A

hot pan on stove – receptors in hand detect dangerous levels of heat – hand and arm muscles are triggered to contract – autonomic reflex (involuntary) – sympathetic (fight/flight)

36
Q

what route does a stimulus take through the nervous system

A
37
Q

how does a neuron communicate with another neuron? pathway a signal takes?

A

dendrite – cell body – along axon – synapse (cross gap with neurotransmitters) – dendrite

38
Q

what are symptoms of MS

A

lesions (nerve cell damage in brain + spinal cord), motor problems, balance problems

39
Q

what are the causes of MS

A

lesions in the brain

40
Q

what are the treatments for MS

A

PT, chemo, anti-inflammatory drugs

41
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, social understanding, reasoning, learning, executive functions

42
Q

disorders with frontal lobe

A

unusual behavior, emotional problems

43
Q

function of parietal lobe

A

processes things you feel with touch, plan precise movements, big-picture perception

44
Q

disorders with parietal lobe

A

hand-eye coordination, trouble recognizing object with touch, can’t see big picture

45
Q

function of occipital lobe

A

spatial processing, color processing

46
Q

disorders with occipital lobe

A

Alice in Wonderland Syndrome- big objects appear small
Visual Agnosias- brain can’t process what eyes see

47
Q

function of temporal lobe

A

processes hearing + smell, object + facial recognition, memory storage + recall, understanding facial expressions

48
Q

disorders with temporal lobe

A

difficulty understanding words, trouble identifying

49
Q

function of cerebellum

A

balance, coordination, equilibrium, skeletal muscle activity

50
Q

disorders with cerebellum

A

balance problems, uncoordinated

51
Q

function of cerebrum

A

divide brain into 4 lobes

52
Q

function of corpus callosum

A

connect left + right brain hemispheres

53
Q

disorders with corpus callosum

A

developmental delays, cognitive impairment, vision problems

54
Q

function of thalamus

A

relays info from senses- sleep, learning, memory

55
Q

disorders with thalamus

A

sensory loss, trouble learning, inability to sleep

56
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

hormones that control body temp, heart rate, hunger

57
Q

disorders with hypothalamus

A

high/low blood pressure, dehydration, weight loss/gain, infertility

58
Q

function of pituitary gland

A

controls hormones

59
Q

disorders with pituitary gland

A

headaches, vision problems, nausea, vomiting

60
Q

function of midbrain

A

relays info for vision and hearing, motor movement, pain, sleep cycle

61
Q

disorders with midbrain

A

vision problems, hearing problems

62
Q

function of pons

A

links brain + spinal cord; unconscious movement + processes, controls breathing + equilibrium

63
Q

disorders with pons

A

no sensory or motor function

64
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A

heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure

65
Q

disorders with medulla oblongata

A

respiratory failure, paralysis, loss of sensation

66
Q

function of gyrus

A

allows for greater cognitive processing

67
Q

function of sulcus

A

separates cerebral cortex into lobes

68
Q

what is CTE?

A

repeated head injuries