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Nervous System & Neurons - Honors Anatomy > Nervous System & Neurons > Flashcards

Nervous System & Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system includes

A

the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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2
Q

function of nervous system

A

coordinate the body’s systems by receiving and sending information

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3
Q

maintains

A

homeostasis

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4
Q

sensory (Afferent)

A

receives information

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5
Q

Integrative

A

determines where information is sent

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6
Q

motor (Efferent)

A

responds to signals

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7
Q

two divisions of the nervous system include

A

central nervous system (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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8
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain & spinal cord

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9
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

peripheral nerves through the body, includes 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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10
Q

somatic nervous system

A

skeletal, voluntary

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11
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

smooth muscles, glands, involuntary

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12
Q

parasympathetic (peace)

A

rest and digest

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13
Q

sympathetic (stress)

A

fight or flight

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14
Q

neuron

A

mass of nerve cells that transmit information and functional unit of the nervous system

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15
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus and other cell organlles

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16
Q

dendrites

A

shorter, more numerous, receive infomation

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17
Q

axons

A

single long fibers, conducts information away

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18
Q

chromatophilic substance (rough ER)

A

transport system

19
Q

Myelin

A

insulation surrounding axons

20
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the insulation

21
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

gaps in the insulation

22
Q

neurofibrils

A

fiber within the axon

23
Q

neurofibrils

A

fibers within the axon

24
Q

neurofibrils include

A

microglial cells, oligodendrocytes (CNS). astrocytes, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells.

25
Q

microglial cells

A

immune function, digest debris, kill bacteria

26
Q

oligodendrocytes (CNS)

A

make myelin sheath that provides insulation for axons, in the brain and spinal cord, makes CNS only in the oligodendrocytes

27
Q

astrocytes

A

connect blood vessels to neurons

28
Q

ependymal cells

A

form membranes around tissues

29
Q

Schwann cells

A

also, form insulating myelin sheath, found in the PNS

30
Q

myelin sheaths

A

insulate axons, gaps in the sheath are called Nodes of Ranvier

31
Q

myelinated (white matter)

A

myelinated axons

32
Q

unmyelinated (grey matter)

A

unmyelinated axons

33
Q

nerve impulses

A

weak electric current, like a wave

34
Q

1) neuron membrane maintains

A

resting potential

35
Q

2) threshold stimulus is

A

received

36
Q

3) Sodium (Na+) channels

A

open

37
Q

4) sodium ions diffuse inward,

A

depolarizing the membrane

38
Q

5) potassium channals

A

open

39
Q

6) potassium ions diffuse outward

A

repolarizing the membrane

40
Q

7) the resulting action potential causes a local

A

bioelectric current

41
Q

8) wave of __________ _____________ trvale the length of the axon as a neve impulse

A

action potentials

42
Q

nerve impulse

A

propagandation of action potentials along a nerve axon

43
Q

speed of an impulsr proportinate to

A

size of axon (greater diameter = faster impulse)

44
Q

myelinated axons conduct

A

impulses faster than unmyelinated axons

Nervous System & Neurons - Honors Anatomy (1 decks)

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