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Exam 3 - Nervous System > Nervous System KER > Flashcards

Nervous System KER Flashcards

1
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A large collection of commissural fibers that connect the left side of the brain to the right side of the brain.

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2
Q

singulate gyrus location

A

immediately above corpus callosum

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3
Q

singulate sulcus location

A

immediately above corpus callosum

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4
Q

septum pellucidem

A

separates the two lateral ventricles of the diencephalon

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5
Q

thalamus function

A

relay center for information coming into the brain

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6
Q

mossa intermedia

A

middle of thalamus

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7
Q

hypothalamus location

A

anterior to thalamus, posterior to pituitary gland

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8
Q

third ventricle area of the brain

A

surrounds the thalamus (thalamus is the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle)

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9
Q

pineal body location

A

posterior to thalamus

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10
Q

pineal body location

A

posterior to thalamus

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11
Q

choroid plexus

A

creates cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

cerebral acqueduct (acqueduct of Silvius)

A

connects third and fourth ventricles, between corpora quadregemeni and pons)

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13
Q

cerebellum purpose

A

motor memory and fine motor control

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14
Q

two parts of internal cerebellum

A

white fibers (arbor vitae) - fiber tracts within the cerebellum

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15
Q

parietoccipital notch/sulcus

A

separates occipital lobe from parietal lobes

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16
Q

parietoccipital notch/sulcus

A

separates occipital lobe from parietal lobes

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17
Q

cranial nerves

A 
12:
I - olfactory
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
V - trigeminal
VI - abducens
VII - facial
VIII - vestibulocochlear
IX - glossopharangeal
X - vagus
XI - spinal
XII - hypoglossal
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18
Q

mammillary bodies’ function

A

relay centers for the sense of smell (CN I - olfactory nerve)

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19
Q

trochlear nerve location

A

arises from the posterior aspect of the pons and comes around to the front (CN IV)

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20
Q

trigeminal nerve location

A

lateral side of the pons (CN V)

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21
Q

frontal lobe primary function

A

motor function

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22
Q

parietal lobe primary function

A

sensory

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23
Q

occipital lobe primary function

A

sensory for vision

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24
Q

precentral gyrus primary function

A

primary motor cortex (frontal lobe is mostly motor)

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25
Q

postcentral gyrus primary function

A

primary somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

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26
Q

cranial nerves

A 
I - olfactory
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
V - trigeminal
VI - abducens
VII - facial
VIII - vestibulocochlear
IX - glossopharyngal
X - vagus
XI - spinal
XII - hypoglossal
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27
Q

infundibulum location

A

connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

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28
Q

lateral ventricle location

A

anterior horn starts in the frontal lobe, the lateral horn goes through the parietal lobe, the inferior horn is in the temporal lobe - moves laterally then medially again

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29
Q

lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle connection via the …

A

intervertricular foramen

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30
Q

third ventricle connects to the fourth ventricle via the …

A

cerebral aqueduct

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31
Q

fourth ventricle widenings

A

called the lateral recesses, which end in lateral apertures, where the CSF can become a sub-dural fluid

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32
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A large collection of commissural fibers that connect the left side of the brain to the right side of the brain.

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33
Q

singulate gyrus location

A

immediately above corpus callosum

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34
Q

singulate gyrus location

A

immediately above corpus callosum

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35
Q

singulate sulcus location

A

immediately above corpus callosum

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36
Q

septum pellucidem

A

separates the two lateral ventricles of the diencephalon

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37
Q

thalamus function

A

relay center for information coming into the brain

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38
Q

mossa intermedia

A

middle of thalamus

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39
Q

hypothalamus location

A

anterior to thalamus, posterior to pituitary gland

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40
Q

third ventricle area of the brain

A

surrounds the thalamus (thalamus is the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle)

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41
Q

pineal body location

A

posterior to thalamus

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42
Q

choroid plexus

A

creates cerebrospinal fluid

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43
Q

cerebral acqueduct (acqueduct of Silvius)

A

connects third and fourth ventricles, between corpora quadregemeni and pons)

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44
Q

cerebellum purpose

A

white fibers (arbor vitae) and gray fiber tracts within the cerebellum

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44
Q

two parts of internal cerebellum

A

white fibers (arbor vitae) - fiber tracts within the cerebellum

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45
Q

parietoccipital notch/sulcus

A

separates occipital lobe from parietal lobes

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46
Q

cranial nerves

A 
12:
I - olfactory nerve
II - optic nerve
III - oculomotor nerve
IV - trochlear nerve
V - trigeminal nerve
VI - abducens
VII - facial nerve
VIII - vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory nerve)
IX - olive landmark separates 9-11 
XII - anterior to the olive
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47
Q

mammillary bodies’ function

A

relay centers for the sense of smell (CN I - olfactory nerve)

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48
Q

trochlear nerve

A

arises from the posterior aspect of the pons and comes around to the front

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49
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

lateral side of the pons

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50
Q

frontal lobe primary function

A

motor function

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51
Q

parietal lobe primary function

A

sensory

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52
Q

occipital lobe primary function

A

sensory for vision

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53
Q

precentral gyrus primary function

A

primary motor cortex (frontal lobe is mostly motor)

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54
Q

postcentral gyrus primary function

A

primary somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

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55
Q

cranial nerves

A

I - olfactory
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - only one to leave the brain stem from the posterior aspect - trochlear
V - trigeminal - splits into three main branches, off of the pons
VI - abducens (medial central junction of pons/mo)
VII - facial (middle junct of pons/mo)
VIII - vestibulocochlear (auditory) (lateral junct of pons/mo)
IX - posterior to the olive - glossopharyngal
X - vagus
XI - spinal accessory nerve (also gets some input from 1st spinal nerve)
XII - anterior to olive - hypoglossal nerve

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56
Q

infundibulum location

A

connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

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57
Q

lateral ventricle location

A

anterior horn starts in the frontal lobe, the lateral horn goes through the parietal lobe, the inferior horn is in the temporal lobe - moves laterally then medially again

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58
Q

lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle connection via the …

A

intervertricular foramen

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59
Q

third ventricle connects to the fourth ventricle via the …

A

cerebral aqueduct

60
Q

fourth ventricle widenings

A

called the lateral recesses, which end in lateral apertures, where the CSF can become a sub-dural fluid

61
Q

three components of the cerebrum

A
  • cerebral cortex (gray matter)
  • cerebral white matter
  • deep gray matter (gyri & sulci)
62
Q

longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into …

A

… hemispheres (left & right)

63
Q

cerebral nuclei function

A

influences motor movements; inhibits unnecessary motor movements

64
Q

medulla functions

A

contains several reflex centers (cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor, coughing, sneezing)

65
Q

hypothalamus function

A

controls ANS, responsible for body temperature, osmotic pressure, drives, food intake, thirst, endocrine

66
Q

thalamus function

A

edits sensory information; relays information to and from cerebral cortex

67
Q

cerebral cortex function

A

responsible for memory, integration, interpreting sensory information, controlling the movement of skeletal muscle

68
Q

spinal cord function

A

has ascending and descending tracts; contains reflex centers (withdrawal, stretch reflexes)

69
Q

epithalamus function

A

contains pineal gland; regulates sleep-wake cycle

70
Q

midbrain function

A

controls eye reflexes, such as blinking

71
Q

inferior to thalamus; superior to brain stem; part of diencephalon; made of many nuclei

A

hypothalamus

72
Q

dorsal to the pons and medulla; formed of two hemispheres joined by the vermis

A

cerebellum

73
Q

merges with spinal cord; most inferior portion of brain stem

A

medulla

74
Q

part of the brain stem; inferior to diencephalon; superior to pons

A

midbrain

75
Q

forms the walls of the third ventricle; composed of two gray masses

A

thalamus

76
Q

part of the brain stem; superior to medulla oblongata

A

pons

77
Q

which part of the brain stem is associated with cranial nerves III and IV?

A

midbrain

78
Q

which part of the brain stem is associated with cranial nerves V, VI, VII?

A

pons

79
Q

which part of the brain stem is associated with cranial nerves VIII, IX, X, XI and XII?

A

medulla oblongata

80
Q

brain meninges, beginning with innermost

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
meningeal dura mater
periosteal dura mater

81
Q

flow of CSF

A

right/left lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> foramen of luschka (lateral/medial/lateral) -> subarachnoid spaces/central canal -> arachnoid villi -> superior sagittal sinus

82
Q

receptors that respond to internal stimuli

A

interoceptors

83
Q

interoceptors’ locations

A

internal organs and blood vessels

84
Q

receptors that respond to stimuli in the external environment

A

exteroceptors

85
Q

receptors that respond to internal stimuli about position

A

proprioceptors

86
Q

locations of proprioceptors

A

muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, CT coverings of bone/muscles

87
Q

receptors that respond to excess stimuli which might be harmful or cause pain

A

nociceptors

88
Q

receptors that respond to light

A

photoreceptors

89
Q

receptors that respond to mechanical forces (touch, pressure, vibration, stretch)

A

mechanoreceptors

90
Q

receptors that respond to chemicals in solution (smell, taste, blood chemistry)

A

chemoreceptors

91
Q

receptors that respond to changes in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

92
Q

CT covering around an axon

A

endoneurium

93
Q

CT covering around a fascicle

A

perineurium

94
Q

CT covering around a nerve

A

epineurium

95
Q

nerves that carry information away from the CNS

A

motor (efferent)

96
Q

nerves that carry information toward to CNS

A

sensory (afferent)

97
Q

nerves with both sensory and motor fibers

A

mixed nerves

98
Q

all spinal nerves are … (afferent, efferent or mixed?)

A

mixed - they contain both motor and sensory fiber

99
Q

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

100
Q

collection of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

101
Q

controls the ANS

A

hypothalamus

102
Q

responsible for body temperature

A

hypothalamus

103
Q

responsible for osmotic pressure

A

hypothalamus

104
Q

responsible for drives

A

hypothalamus

105
Q

responsible for food intake

A

hypothalamus

106
Q

responsible for thirst

A

hypothalamus

107
Q

in charge of the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

108
Q

cardiac reflex center location

A

medulla oblongata

109
Q

respiratory reflex center location

A

medulla oblongata

110
Q

vasomotor reflex center location

A

medulla oblongata

111
Q

coughing reflex center location

A

medulla oblongata

112
Q

sneezing reflex center location

A

medulla oblongata

113
Q

cerebral nuclei

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • claustrum
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
114
Q

CNS components

A
  • brain

- spinal cord

115
Q

PNS components

A
  • nerves
  • ganglia
  • sensory receptors
116
Q

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

117
Q

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

118
Q

groupings of nerve fibers in the PNS

A

nerves

119
Q

groupings of nerve fibers in the CNS

A

tracts

120
Q

cause of gray matter

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum called Nissl bodies

121
Q

cause of white matter

A

myelinated axons (rich in white phospholipids)

122
Q

more neuralgia in CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

123
Q

neuron characteristics

A
  • functional units of CNS
  • highly specialized
  • amitotic (do not repair)
  • extreme longevity
  • high metabolic rate (need oxygen and glucose to survive)
  • large, complex cells
  • bio synthetic center is in cell body
124
Q

reflex arc

A
  1. stimulus
  2. afferent sensory input
  3. integration
  4. efferent motor output
  5. response
125
Q

components of a reflex arc

A
  1. receptor
  2. sensory neuron
  3. integration center
  4. motor neuron
  5. effector
126
Q

many processes extend from the cell body; all are dendrites except for a single axon

A

multipolar neurons

127
Q

what structural classification are interneurons?

A

multipolar

128
Q

what structural classification are motor neurons?

A

multipolar

129
Q

two processes extend from the cell body: a fused dendrite and an axon

A

bipolar neuron

130
Q

one process extends from the cell body

A

pseudounipolar neuron

131
Q

sensory neurons are what structural type of neuron?

A

pseudounipolar

132
Q

two parts of a pseudounipolar axon

A
  • peripheral process

- central process

133
Q

motor neurons are what structural type of neuron?

A

multipolar

134
Q

neuron that delivers a message to another neuron

A

presynaptic neurotransmitter

135
Q

neuron that responds to a stimulus

A

postaynaptic neuron

136
Q

how does a postsynaptic neuron respond to a stimulus?

A

membrane charge becomes more positive or more negative

137
Q

oligodendrocytes - CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

138
Q

astrocytes - CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

139
Q

microglia - CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

140
Q

ependymal cells - CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

141
Q

Schwann cells - CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

142
Q

satellite cells - CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

143
Q

produces cerebrospinal fluid

A

choroid plexus (in ventricles)

144
Q

where cerebrospinal fluid exits the ventricles into the bloodstream

A

arachnoid villi

145
Q

brain directional term from anterior (front)

A

rostral

146
Q

brain directional term from posterior (back)

A

caudal

147
Q

brain directional term for superior (up)

A

dorsal

148
Q

brain directional term for inferior (lower)

A

ventral

Exam 3 - Nervous System (3 decks)

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