Nervous System (Intro) Flashcards
What are the functions of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System?
- Communications between regions of the body
- Coordination of body functions
- Orientation to environment
- Assimilation
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What provides support, nourishment, and protection to neurons?
Neuroglia and Glial cells
What are the parts of the Central Nervous System?
- Brain
- Spinal cord
What are the parts of the Peripheral Nervous System?
- Spinal nerves
- Somatic nerves
- Dorsal root ganglia
- Cranial nerves
What conducts impulses to the CNS?
Afferent or Sensory Division
What conducts impulses from the brain to different parts of the body?
Efferent or Motor Division
What receives impulses from the brain and innervates the muscles?
Somatic Motor Nervous System
What innervates glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and organs?
Subconscious / Automatic
Autonomic Nervous System
Where can the Autonomic Nervous System be found?
The Midbrain,
Pons,
Medulla oblongata,
Spinal cord
What receives neural messages and transmits them towards the cell body?
Dendrites
What transmits neural messages away from the cell body?
Axon
What is another word for the nerve body?
Soma
What are the parts of the nerve body (soma)?
- Neuroplasm
- Nissl Bodies
- Nucleus
What is the cytoplas of the neuron called?
Neuroplasm
What is the endoplasmic reticulum of the nerve cell?
Nissl Bodies
What is the triangular region of the nerve cell body that is devoid of Nissl bodies?
Axon Hillock
What are the parts of the nerve cell?
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
What has a nucleus and cytoplasm?
Cell body
What is located between sensory and motor neurons and transmits impulses to the brain for processing?
Association or Interneurons
What are the classifications of neurons based on synapse?
- Multipolar Neurons
- Bipolar Neurons
- Unipolar or Pseudo Unipolar
With single nerve cell and axons.
With -multiple dendrites-.
MULTIPOLAR NEURONS
Nerve cell bodies -has two poles-.
Has axon on one pole and a dendrite on other pole.
for vision and smell.
BIPOPLAR NEURONS
A single body with a single process attached to it.
UNIPOLAR NEURON OR PSEUDO UNIPOLAR
What is the space between neurons called?
Synapse
What are the chemicals in the synapse called?
Neurotransmitters
-Cells that wrap around the axons- leaving small gaps called the Nodes of Ranvier.
SCHWANN cell or NEUROLEMMOCYTE
These are lipoproteins which are the main component
of neurolemmocyte.
MYELIN
What is a series of myelin called?
Myelin Sheath
Myelinated nerve fibers are called what matter?
White Matter
Unmyelinated nerve fibers are called what matter?
Gray Matter
What allows nerve transmission from node to node, increasing the transmission speed of the neuron?
Nodes of Ranvier
What is jumping transmission in the Nodes of Ranvier called?
Saltatory conduction
