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Psychology: Biopsychology > Nervous System Divisons > Flashcards

Nervous System Divisons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two major parts of the nervous system?

A
  • The central nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system.
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2
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A
  • The brain.
  • The spinal cord.
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3
Q

How is the central nervous system connected to the rest of the body?

A
  • By the peripheral nervous system.
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4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

Thick bundles of axons called nerves.

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5
Q

What is the role of nerves within the peripheral nervous system?

A

Carrying messages back and forth between the central nervous system and the muscles, organs and senses in the periphery of the body.

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6
Q

What are the two major subdivisions in the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • The somatic nervous system.
  • The automatic nervous system.
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7
Q

What is the somatic nervous system associated with?

A

Activities traditionally thought of as conscious and voluntary.

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8
Q

What is the somatic nervous system involved in?

A

The relay of sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system.

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9
Q

What does the somatic nervous consist of?

A
  • Sensory neurones.
  • Motor neurones.
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10
Q

What is the role of sensory neurones?

A

To carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

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11
Q

What are sensory neurones in regards to fibres?

A
  • Afferent (move towards) fibres.
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12
Q

What is the role of motor neurones?

A

To carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body.

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13
Q

What are motor neurones in regards to fibres?

A

Efferent (move away from) fibres.

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14
Q

What does the automatic nervous system control?

A

Our internal organs and glands.

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15
Q

Is the automatic nervous system considered to be voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary.

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16
Q

What is the automatic nervous system made up of?

A
  • Sympathetic divisions.
  • Parasympathetic divisions.
17
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system involved in?

A

Preparing the body for stress-related activities.

18
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system involved in?

A

Returning the body to routine operations.

19
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

A state of equilibrium in which biological conditions are maintained at optimal levels.

20
Q

What parts of the nervous system are involved in homeostasis?

A
  • The sympathetic nervous system.
  • The parasympathetic nervous system.
21
Q

What is the brain made up of?

A

Billions of interconnected neurons.

22
Q

What is the structure of the brain?

A
  • Bilateral.
  • Can be separated into distinct lobes.
23
Q

What is each lobe associated with?

A

Certain types of function.

24
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord in assisting the brain?

A
  • Routes messages to and from the brain.
  • Connects the brain to the outside world.
  • Allows the brain to act.
25
Q

What are reflexes in relation to the spine?

A

The spine’s system of automatic process.

26
Q

How is the spine structured?

A
  • Organised into 30 segments which correspond with the vertebrae.
  • Each segment is connected to a specific part of the body through the peripheral nervous system.
27
Q

What are reflexes?

A
  • Reactions to stimuli that are rapid.
  • They are also automatic as sensory input is immediately acted upon by the spinal cord without input from the brain.
28
Q

How are reflexes carried out?

A
  • The spinal cord starts an automatic reflex when a sensory message meets certain parameters.
  • The signal passes from the sensory nerve to a simple processing centre which starts a motor command.
29
Q

Why are spinal reflexes important?

A

They allow the body to react very quickly thus improving survival chances.

30
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body to deal with emergencies?

A
  • Increasing blood pressure.
  • Increasing heart rate.
  • Dilating blood vessels in the muscles.
  • Releases neurones to virtually every muscle and gland.
31
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system relax the body after dealing with emergencies?

A
  • Slows down the heartbeat down.
  • Reduces blood pressure.
  • Digestion will begin again.

Psychology: Biopsychology (13 decks)

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