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BNF > Nervous System - Chap 4 > Flashcards

Nervous System - Chap 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the acetylcholinesterases used for dementia is also licensed for mild/moderate dementia associated with Parkinsons?

A

Rivastigmine

This has TWICE daily dosing!

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2
Q

When should donepezil be given?

A 
Once daily (unlike the other acetylcholinesterases that are BD)
Give at bedtime
Usual dose 5-10mg
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3
Q

What conditions are cholinergic drugs (acetylcholinerase inhibitors used in dementia) cautioned in?

A

Asthma
Epilepsy/ history of seizures
Those with a slow pulse
History of gastric ulcers

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4
Q

What are the common side effects of the Acetylcholinersterase inhibitors used in dementia?

A 
Diarrhoea and vomiting
Dizziness
Headache
Hallucinations
Anorexia (weight loss)
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5
Q

Name the 4 drugs used in dementia?

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
(above 3 are Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)

Memantine (a NMDA receptor antagonist)

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6
Q

Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor comes as a patch?

A

Rivastigmine

24 hour patch

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7
Q

Short acting benzodiazepines?

A

Midazolam
Used for epileptic seizures and febrile convulsions due to its fast onset to action
Triazolam

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8
Q

Intermediate acting benzo’s?

A

Clonazepam
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam

Remember CLOT

(Hence why some of these are used for agitation in our patients: not too longer acting to make them too drowsy but act for long enough)

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9
Q

Long acting benzo’s?

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Alprazolam

Used as sedatives (diazepam for insomnia associated with anxiety) and used or ANXIETY

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10
Q

What is Buspirone?

A

A serotonin receptor agonist used for anxiety

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11
Q

Name some medication used in ADHD?

A

CNS Stimulants:
Dexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetamine (prodrug of dexamfetamine, Elvanse, Elvanse Adult)
Atomoxetine (POM)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet, Equasym)

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12
Q

What are the common side effects of CNS stimulants used in ADHD? Remember a patient described it as being on ‘speed’

A 
Sleep disturbance; take in morning or will keep patient awake!
Irritability, aggression
Diarrhoea, vomiting
Nervousness
Tachycardia (with methylphenidate)
Headache
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13
Q

When should antidepressants be avoided in bipolar?

A

Rapid cycling bipolar
recent history of hypomania (mild form of mania, marked by elation and hyperactivity)
rapid mood fluctuations

This is because the antidepressant will increase manic symptoms so if their bipolar is more manic based then avoid!

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14
Q

What mood stabilisers do we see used in Bipolar disorder?

A

Carbamazepine
Valproate
Lithium

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15
Q

When should lithium be taken?

A

At night- blood test needs to be 12 hours post-dose and blood test usually in the morning

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16
Q

Lithium toxicity is made worse by sodium depletion, therefore what drugs should be avoided?

A

Concurrent use of diuretics, particularly thiazides.

17
Q

Signs of lithium toxicity?

A 
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Coarse tremor (progressed from fine tremor)
Visual disturbance, blurred vision
Muscle weakness
Confusion
Restlessness
HYPERNATREAMIA
18
Q

Can lithium be used in pregnancy?

A

Avoid if possible, especially in first trimester

If used in 2nd and 3rd trimester- dose may need to be increased but put back down to normal once child born.

19
Q

What are the two different Lithium salts?

A

Lithium Carbonate
Lithium Citrate

Brands of carbonate: Camcolit, priadel tablets
Brand of citrate: priadel liquid (citrate only comes as a liquid)

20
Q

Why is it important to stick to the same brand of lithium?

A

Different preparations have different bioavailability

Changing the preparation would require the same precautions and monitoring as initiation of treatment!

21
Q

Dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine are cautioned in those with Tics and Tourrettes

A

May also cause growth restriction in children

22
Q

Patients and carers should be advised to monitor for suicidal ideation when taking this ADHD drug

A

Atomoxetine is a POM drug used for ADHD

This is also the case for Agomelatine, a drug with a similar name, a melatonin receptor agonist used for depression, can cause suicidal behaviour

23
Q

Which antipsychotic drug should be handled with care?

A

Chlorpromazine

Causes contact sensitisation (irritates skin)

24
Q

Hyponatreamia has been linked to all antidepressants, but is more likely with which class?

A

SSRIs

25
Q

Suicidal behaviour, especially during the first 2 weeks, has been linked to antidepressant use

A

Serotonin syndrome also a risk, particularly with MAOIs

26
Q

MAOIs can interact with a lot of drugs and this is a particular problem as they can still interact even when discontinued

A

Interactions can occur for up to 2 weeks after discontinuation due to long half life.

27
Q

Which antidepressant can be hepatotoxic?

A

Agomelatine

LFTs need to be monitored regularly throughout

BNF (2 decks)

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