Nervous System cards Flashcards
Neurons
Bundle of axons in peripheral nervous system
Neuroglia
Specialized cells
Functions: Maintain ionic environment Provide growth factors Structural support Cell to cell communication
Synapse
Space between axon of presynaptic neuron and dendrites of post synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messenger that stimulates an effector
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Parts of nervous system outside brain and spinal cord
Sensory receptors
Specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron specific to detecting a particular sensation and triggering an impulse in response
Somatic Nervous System
Motor pathways of peripheral nervous that lead to skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
Part of Nervous System that controls the viscera
Synaptic Cleft
A narrow extracellular space between the cells at a synapse.
Oligodendrocytes
Type of neuroglia in the CNS that produces myelin
Schwann Cells
Type of neuroglia that surrounds an axon of a peripheral neuron forming the neurilemma and myelin
Sensory Neuron
Conducts impulse from a receptor to CNS
Motor Neuron
Conducts impulses from the CNS to an effector
Astrocyte
Maintain Blood brain barrier
Connects neurons to blood vessels
Microglia
Support neurons and phagocytize bacteria and cellular debris
Ependymal
Line the ventricles of the brain
Makes cerebral spinofluid
Satellite Cells
Glia in PNS that support neurons
Hyperpolarization
When too much K+ rushes out of the cell
Membrane potential
Charge in it
Resting potential
At -70mV
When cell isn’t sending signals
Action potential
Sequence of electrical charges in part of a nerve cell
Depolarization
When Sodium rushes into the cell
Threshold Potential
At -55mV
Minimum amount of charge needed to generate action potential
