Nervous system (additional 2) Flashcards
A membrane potential is also called an electric charge concentration gradient, this is generated by
The diffusion of amino acids across the plasma membrane
Osmosis of water into the cell
Enzymes on the outer surface of the cell
A seperation of ions by the cell membrane
A seperation of ions by the cell membrane
At rest the principle intracellular cation (positive ion) is
NA+
Cl-
K+
Ca2+
K+
_________ are highly specialized cells that can respond to stimuli
Osteoclasts
Glial cells
Neurons
Adipocytes
Neurons
An action potential or impulse is also called depolarization, this occurs when …
Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium into the negatively charges cell interior
Voltage sensitive potassium gates allow into the negatively charges cell interior
Voltage sensitive calcium gates allow potassium into the positively charges cell interior
Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium out of the negatively charges cell interior
Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium into the negatively charges cell interior
A resting nerve is said to have a resting potential, or polarized, these nerve cells are…
Positively charged on the inside and also in the extracellular fluid
Negatively charged bpoth in and outside the cell
Negatively charged on the inside and extracellular fluid positively charged
Positively charged on the insi9de and extracellular fluid negatively charged
Negatively charged on the inside and extracellular fluid positively charged
The repolarization phase of the action potential occurs because
Voltage gated K+ ion channels close
Voltage gated Calcium + ion channels open and voltage gated NA+ ion channels close
Voltage gated NA+ ion channels become inactivated and K+ ion channels open
Voltage gated Na+ ion channels open and voltage gated Ca+ ion channels open
Voltage gated NA+ ion channels become inactivated and K+ ion channels open
The largest structure in the human brain is the
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Cerebrum
Glial cells of the neural tissue
Help regulate neuronal environment
Respond to injury
Help myelinate axons
All of the answers are true
All of the answers are true
Which statement is NOT true? The sympathetic nervous system
May be required during emotional stress
Helps in conserving energy
Causes increased alertness
Prepares the body for fight or flight
Helps in conserving energy
The axon joins the cell body at a cone shaped elevation called the
Initial segment
Axon hillock
Myelin sheath
Neurolemma
Axon hillock
See the diagram. What is structure A?
(next to the brain)
Pia mater
Periosteal dura mater
Meningeal mater
Arachnoid mater
Arachnoid mater
The visual interpretation centres in the brain are found in the
Frontal Occipital lobe Olfactory lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Hunger, tempreture regulation and endocrine coordination are the roles of which brain region?
Thalamus
Pituitary
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
The circulation of CSF is possible because of
Cahnges in diameter of the channels within the ventricular system
Drainage back into the systemic circulation causes a negative pressure
Contribution of fresh CSF at the choroid plexus
Cilia movement non the ependymal cells
b,c and d are correct
b,c and d are correct
Name the structure indicated by the arrow
Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Third ventricle
The axon joins the cell body at a cone shaped elevation called the
Axon hillock
Initial segement
Myelin sheath
Neurolemma
Axon hillock
The nerve fibres in the medulla oblongata …
Form a bridge between the brain and the spinal cord
Is the centre for appetite and temperature regulation
The nerve fibres cross over in a region called the pyramidal decussation
A and C are correct
A and C are correct
A neuron with no myelin is
A faster conducting nerve cell
A slower conducting nerve cell
A nerve cell that conduct a weaker impulse
A nerve cell that send more impulses
A slower conducting nerve cell
An astrocyte is
A small cell placed on the axon of a larger neuron
A cell that conducts very fast impulses
A glial cell
A myelin producing cell
A glial cell
The cerebellum is
A part of the brain which has a role in balance and coordination
A part of the brain which has a role in visual interpretation
A part of the brain which has a role in auditory function
A part of the brain which has a role in memory
A part of the brain which has a role in balance and coordination
The limbic system is associted with
Vision and auditory function
Speech
Emotional memory taste and smell
Analytical though processes
Emotional memory taste and smell
CSF
Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced in the ependymal cells, filtered in the cerebral aqueduct and its role is to cushion the brain and spinal cord
Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced in the cerebral aqueduct, filtered by the ependymal cells, and its role is to cushion the brain and spinal cord.
Ia a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles and its role is to nourish and cushion the brain
Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles, its role is to nourish and cushion the brain and spinal cord
Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles, its role is to nourish and cushion the brain and spinal cord
The shaft of a neuron is called
The diaphysis
The axon
The cell body
The soma
The axon
The pineal gland is massoiciated with
Circadian rhythms
Sleep
Pain recognition
A and B are correct
A and B are correct
Which of the following cranial nerves passes through the cribform plate?
II III X I XII
I
The lobe labelled is?
(top of head)
The temporal lobe
The parietal lobe
The occipital lobe
The frontal lobe
The parietal lobe
Grey matter is found … and is made up of
On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones
On the inside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of
On the outside of the brain and the outside of the spinal cord and is made up od myelinated neurones
On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones
On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones
The cells that myelin for neurones in the peripheral nervous system are
Oligondendrocytes
Astrocytes
Schwan cells
Ependymal cells
Schwan cells
The peripheral nervous sytem includes
The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions but not the brain or spinal cord
The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions and the spinal cord, but not the brain
The brain and spinal cord
All the nerves arising from the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves, but not the cranial and spinal nerves themselves
The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions but not the brain or spinal cord
A ganglion is
A cluster of axons inside the central nervous system
An injury to a nerve fibre
A cluster of cell bodies inside the CNS
A cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
A cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
