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Nervous System > Nervous system (additional 2) > Flashcards

Nervous system (additional 2) Flashcards

1
Q

A membrane potential is also called an electric charge concentration gradient, this is generated by

The diffusion of amino acids across the plasma membrane

Osmosis of water into the cell

Enzymes on the outer surface of the cell

A seperation of ions by the cell membrane

A

A seperation of ions by the cell membrane

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2
Q

At rest the principle intracellular cation (positive ion) is

NA+
Cl-
K+
Ca2+

A

K+

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3
Q

_________ are highly specialized cells that can respond to stimuli

Osteoclasts
Glial cells
Neurons
Adipocytes

A

Neurons

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4
Q

An action potential or impulse is also called depolarization, this occurs when …

Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium into the negatively charges cell interior

Voltage sensitive potassium gates allow into the negatively charges cell interior

Voltage sensitive calcium gates allow potassium into the positively charges cell interior

Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium out of the negatively charges cell interior

A

Voltage sensitive sodium gates open and allow sodium into the negatively charges cell interior

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5
Q

A resting nerve is said to have a resting potential, or polarized, these nerve cells are…

Positively charged on the inside and also in the extracellular fluid

Negatively charged bpoth in and outside the cell

Negatively charged on the inside and extracellular fluid positively charged

Positively charged on the insi9de and extracellular fluid negatively charged

A

Negatively charged on the inside and extracellular fluid positively charged

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6
Q

The repolarization phase of the action potential occurs because

Voltage gated K+ ion channels close

Voltage gated Calcium + ion channels open and voltage gated NA+ ion channels close

Voltage gated NA+ ion channels become inactivated and K+ ion channels open

Voltage gated Na+ ion channels open and voltage gated Ca+ ion channels open

A

Voltage gated NA+ ion channels become inactivated and K+ ion channels open

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7
Q

The largest structure in the human brain is the

Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata

A

Cerebrum

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8
Q

Glial cells of the neural tissue

Help regulate neuronal environment
Respond to injury
Help myelinate axons
All of the answers are true

A

All of the answers are true

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9
Q

Which statement is NOT true? The sympathetic nervous system

May be required during emotional stress
Helps in conserving energy
Causes increased alertness
Prepares the body for fight or flight

A

Helps in conserving energy

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10
Q

The axon joins the cell body at a cone shaped elevation called the

Initial segment
Axon hillock
Myelin sheath
Neurolemma

A

Axon hillock

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11
Q

See the diagram. What is structure A?
(next to the brain)

Pia mater
Periosteal dura mater
Meningeal mater
Arachnoid mater

A

Arachnoid mater

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12
Q

The visual interpretation centres in the brain are found in the

Frontal
Occipital lobe
Olfactory lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
A

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

Hunger, tempreture regulation and endocrine coordination are the roles of which brain region?

Thalamus
Pituitary
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

The circulation of CSF is possible because of

Cahnges in diameter of the channels within the ventricular system

Drainage back into the systemic circulation causes a negative pressure

Contribution of fresh CSF at the choroid plexus

Cilia movement non the ependymal cells

b,c and d are correct

A

b,c and d are correct

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15
Q

Name the structure indicated by the arrow

Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct

A

Third ventricle

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16
Q

The axon joins the cell body at a cone shaped elevation called the

Axon hillock
Initial segement
Myelin sheath
Neurolemma

A

Axon hillock

17
Q

The nerve fibres in the medulla oblongata …

Form a bridge between the brain and the spinal cord

Is the centre for appetite and temperature regulation

The nerve fibres cross over in a region called the pyramidal decussation

A and C are correct

A

A and C are correct

18
Q

A neuron with no myelin is

A faster conducting nerve cell

A slower conducting nerve cell

A nerve cell that conduct a weaker impulse

A nerve cell that send more impulses

A

A slower conducting nerve cell

19
Q

An astrocyte is

A small cell placed on the axon of a larger neuron

A cell that conducts very fast impulses

A glial cell

A myelin producing cell

A

A glial cell

20
Q

The cerebellum is

A part of the brain which has a role in balance and coordination

A part of the brain which has a role in visual interpretation

A part of the brain which has a role in auditory function

A part of the brain which has a role in memory

A

A part of the brain which has a role in balance and coordination

21
Q

The limbic system is associted with

Vision and auditory function
Speech
Emotional memory taste and smell
Analytical though processes

A

Emotional memory taste and smell

22
Q

CSF

Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced in the ependymal cells, filtered in the cerebral aqueduct and its role is to cushion the brain and spinal cord

Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced in the cerebral aqueduct, filtered by the ependymal cells, and its role is to cushion the brain and spinal cord.

Ia a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles and its role is to nourish and cushion the brain

Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles, its role is to nourish and cushion the brain and spinal cord

A

Is a nutritive fluid filtrate from blood, which is produced by filtration in the choroid plexus lining the ventricles, its role is to nourish and cushion the brain and spinal cord

23
Q

The shaft of a neuron is called

The diaphysis
The axon
The cell body
The soma

A

The axon

24
Q

The pineal gland is massoiciated with

Circadian rhythms
Sleep
Pain recognition
A and B are correct

A

A and B are correct

25
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves passes through the cribform plate?

II
III
X
I
XII
A

I

26
Q

The lobe labelled is?
(top of head)

The temporal lobe
The parietal lobe
The occipital lobe
The frontal lobe

A

The parietal lobe

27
Q

Grey matter is found … and is made up of

On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones

On the inside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of

On the outside of the brain and the outside of the spinal cord and is made up od myelinated neurones

On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones

A

On the outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord and is made up of non myelinated neurones

28
Q

The cells that myelin for neurones in the peripheral nervous system are

Oligondendrocytes
Astrocytes
Schwan cells
Ependymal cells

A

Schwan cells

29
Q

The peripheral nervous sytem includes

The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions but not the brain or spinal cord

The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions and the spinal cord, but not the brain

The brain and spinal cord

All the nerves arising from the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves, but not the cranial and spinal nerves themselves

A

The cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and all their extensions but not the brain or spinal cord

30
Q

A ganglion is

A cluster of axons inside the central nervous system

An injury to a nerve fibre

A cluster of cell bodies inside the CNS

A cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS

A

A cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS

Nervous System (4 decks)

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