Nervous System Flashcards
Afferent nerve
from PNS to CNS; moves proximally; in back of spinal cord
hypertonia and sign of it
increased tone in skeletal muscle (muscle spasticity = sign)
three areas that release dopamine and their target locations
ventral tegmentum —> (thru the nucleus accumbens) limbic system
substantia nigra —> striatum
hypothalamus —> pituitary gland
brainstem parts from top to bottom
midbrain
pons
medulla
forebrain….. aka and becomes
prosencephalon; cerebrum
midbrain… aka and becomes
mesencephalon; midbrain
hindbrain… aka and becomes
rhombencephalon; pons, medulla, and cerebellum
ganglion
contain soma of nerves
syndrome
pattern of abnormalities
basic functions
motor, sensory, and automatic
higher functions
cognition, emotions, consciousness
motor unit
lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell
lower motor neuron
efferent; soma in spinal cord or brain stem
lower motor neuron abnormalities signs
weakness atrophy (less bulk) fasciculations (twitches) hypotonia(less tone) hyporeflexia(less muscle stretch reflexes)
axon of mechanoreceptors
think axon diameter and highly myelinated
muscle stretch reflex
contracts muscle if joint is bended too far; afferent(somatosensory neurons) and efferent(LMN)
autonomic nervous system
no consciousness needed; efferent neurons (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and gland cells)
sympathetic nervous system structure (part of autonomic)
“fight or flight”; starts in middle of spinal cord, short axon to synapse to a close ganglia cell which has a longer axon to target cell
parasympathetic nervous system structure (part of autonomic)
“rest and digest”; starts in brainstem or bottom of cord, long axon to second neuron which has a short axon to target cell
gray matter and location
neuron somas (outside of brain, inside of cord)
white matter and location
axons (inside of brain, outside of cord)
