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FTM test 2 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

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2
Q

Nicotinic receptors are _________ linked

A

Ion channel linked

- ligand gated Na/K channels

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3
Q

Muscarinic receptors are _______ linked

A

G protein

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4
Q

Types of nicotinic receptors

A 
Muscle type (Nm)
Neuronal type (Nn)
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5
Q

Nm receptors are present in ____ and cause _____

A

Skeletal muscle (NMJ)

muscle contractions

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6
Q

Nn receptors are present in ____ and cause _____

A

Adrenal medulla - chromaffin cells to release catecholamines

Brain- needed for neuronal development, learning, and memory

Autonomic ganglia- Postganglionic neuron activation

(Parasympathetic and sympathetic)

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7
Q

Types of muscarinic receptors

A

M1
M2
M3

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8
Q

M1 is G___

A

Gq

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9
Q

M2 is G___

A

Gi

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10
Q

M3 is G___

A

Gq

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11
Q

M1 receptors cause

A

Enteric (GI) nervous system stimulation

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12
Q

M2 receptors cause

A

Inhibition of Ach release at presynaptic nerve terminals

Decrease heart rate and contractility

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13
Q

M3 receptors cause

A

Increase exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, sweat, salivary, gastric acid)

Increase insulin release from Pancreatic ß cells

Increase gut peristalsis (GI smooth muscle)

Increase bladder contraction (smooth muscle)

Pupillary constriction (Pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle)

Bronchial constriction (smooth muscle)

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14
Q

Gs pathway

A 
Alpha (GDP) subunit dissociates after GDP -> GTP
Activates adenlyl cyclase
Takes ATP and convert it into cAMP
Increase protein kinase A
Phosphorylates stuff
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15
Q

Gq pathway

A

Alpha (GDP) subunit dissociates GDP -> GTP
Activates phospholipase C
converts PIP into IP3 and DAG
IP3 increase Ca2+ release (SER) which activates protein kinase
DAG increase protein kinase C
Both phosphorylate stuff

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16
Q

The types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha and Beta

17
Q

Alpha 1 receptors cause

A

Vascular smooth muscle contraction

Vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle BV

Pupillary dilation

Intestinal and bladder sphincter smooth muscle contraction

Increased Glucogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis in the liver

18
Q

Alpha 2 receptors cause

A

Decrease norepinephrine release from presynaptic nerve terminals

Decrease insulin release from pancreatic ß cells

Platelet aggregation

decrease lipolysis

Vascular smooth muscle contraction

19
Q

Beta 1 receptors cause

A

Increase HR and contractility

Increase renin release

Increase lipolysis

20
Q

Beta 2 receptors cause

A

Bronchial dilation

Skeletal muscles BV dilation

Decreased uterine tone

Increased glucogenolysis and k+ uptake in skeletal muscle

Increase insulin secretion (pancreatic B)

Increase glucagon secretion (pancreatic a)

Increased glucogenolysosis and glucogenesis

Increased lipolysis

21
Q

Beta 3 receptors cause

A

Thermogenesis and increased lipolysis in brown adipose tissue

22
Q

Alpha 1 is G___

A

Gq

23
Q

Alpha 2 is G___

A

Gi

24
Q

Beta 1 is G__

A

Gs

25
Q

Beta 2 is G__

A

Gs

26
Q

Beta 3 is G__

A

Gs

27
Q

Low concentrations of epi cause

A

Vasodilation at B2 receptors

B2 more sensitive

28
Q

High concentrations of epi cause

A

Vasoconstriction

A1 and B2 active, but A1 predominates

29
Q

Large dose of Epi given via IV causes

A

Increased BP:

Increased HR and ventricular contraction via B1

Vasoconstriction via A1

30
Q

Low dose of Epi given via IV causes

A

Diastolic BP drop via B2 (decrease peripheral resistance)

Systolic pressure increases via B1 (increased cardiac contractility)

Increase HR (B1)

31
Q

A small dose of Ach causes

A

decreases BP via M3 vasodilation effect w/ accompanied tachycardia (baroreceptor reflex wins)

32
Q

A large dose of Ach

A

decrease BP via M3 vasodilation effect w/ bradycardia

FTM test 2 (2 decks)

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