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CSD 352 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the groups of the Nervous System

A
  1. Central Nervous System (includes the brain and spinal cord)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (includes cranial and spinal nerves)
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2
Q

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. What is each neuron made of?

A

Remember CDA

  1. Cell Body
  2. Dendrites
    3 Axon
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3
Q

How do Neurons work?

A

Through a complex electrochemical process by which an action potential is generated and transmitted to other neurons at the synapse.

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4
Q

What is the membrane that covers the brain? I.e. What is the brain contained in?

A

The Meninges

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5
Q

What gives the brain buoyancy?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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6
Q

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid manufactured?

A

In the ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal chord.

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7
Q

Name the 4 types of Glial Cells

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Schwann Cells
  4. Microglia
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8
Q

Name 4 functions that Glial Cells provide.

A
  1. Metabolic support
  2. Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
  3. Response to injury
  4. Insulation
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9
Q

What are Astrocytes and what do they do?

A

The most commonly found Glial Cell. They help in transporting substances between blood cells and nerve cells.

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10
Q

What part of the brain connects the two hemispheres?

A

The Corpus Callosum

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11
Q

Name the different parts of the brain’s cortex

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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12
Q

What color matter is the brain’s cortex?

A

Grey

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13
Q

What are the main three subcortical structures of the cerebrum?

A

Remember BTH

  1. Basal Nulei
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
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14
Q

What color matter is the cerebrum?

A

White

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15
Q

Name the parts of the brain stem

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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16
Q

What part of the brain stem connects to the spinal chord?

A

Medulla

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17
Q

What purpose does the Cerebellum serve?

A

Coordinating different aspects of movement: ie, direction, force, and speed.

18
Q

What are the Myelin in the CNS called

A

Oligodenrocytes

19
Q

What are the Myelin in the PNS called?

A

Schwann Cells

20
Q

What purpose do Microglia serve?

A

The keep the CNS clean by engulfing and destroying harmful organisms.

21
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Originating on the same side.

22
Q

Contralateral

A

Originating on the opposite side

23
Q

What three types structures do neurons communicate with?

A
  • Neuron to neuron
  • neuron to muscle
  • Sensory receptors to neural structures
24
Q

Three ways to classify a nerve cell:

A
  • Function
  • Number of processes
  • Neurotransmitter it sends
25
Q

Motor Neurons are:

A
  • Efferent

- Bipolar (special senses like hearing and seeing) muscle gland

26
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Afferent

Unipolar

27
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicate with motor and sensory neurons within the CNS

28
Q

Three prominent types of neurons classified by the neurotransmitters the send:

A

Dopaminergic
Serotonergic
Cholinergic

29
Q

Define: Neuromuscular Junction

A

A chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

30
Q

What are the 6 layers of the cortex?

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. External granular
  3. External pyramidal layer
  4. Internal granular layer
  5. Internal pyramidal layer
  6. Multiform layer
31
Q

How do Microglial cells protect the neurons from toxins in the blood?

A

Phagocytosis

32
Q

What percentage of language is processed in the left hemisphere for RHP?

A

90%

33
Q

What’s the difference between Nuclei and Tracts?

A

Nuclei are densely packed cell bodies of neurons in the central nervous system. Tracts are bunches of axons.

34
Q

Pyramidal

A

Initiation of voluntary motor acts. “Direct system” : Few synapses before brainstem or spinal cord

35
Q

Extrapyramidal

A

Background tone and movement supporting primary motor acts. “Indirect system” : Many synapses in many structures
- Parkinson’s is an example of a disorder involving the Extra-pyramidal

36
Q

Choroid Plexus Cells

A

Cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

37
Q

5 Functions for the cerebrospinal fluid.

A
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Protection
  3. Chemical stability
  4. Prevention of brain ischemia
  5. Clearing waste
38
Q

What is another name for the lateral fissure?

A

The Sylvian Fissure

39
Q

What is another name for the Primary Motor Strip in the Frontal Lobe?

A

Precentral Gyrus

40
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

The Frontal Operculum - which is near the lateral fissure.

CSD 352 (2 decks)

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