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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the groups of the Nervous System

A
  1. Central Nervous System (includes the brain and spinal cord)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (includes cranial and spinal nerves)
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2
Q

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. What is each neuron made of?

A

Remember CDA

  1. Cell Body
  2. Dendrites
    3 Axon
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3
Q

How do Neurons work?

A

Through a complex electrochemical process by which an action potential is generated and transmitted to other neurons at the synapse.

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4
Q

What is the membrane that covers the brain? I.e. What is the brain contained in?

A

The Meninges

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5
Q

What gives the brain buoyancy?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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6
Q

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid manufactured?

A

In the ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal chord.

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7
Q

Name the 4 types of Glial Cells

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Schwann Cells
  4. Microglia
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8
Q

Name 4 functions that Glial Cells provide.

A
  1. Metabolic support
  2. Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
  3. Response to injury
  4. Insulation
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9
Q

What are Astrocytes and what do they do?

A

The most commonly found Glial Cell. They help in transporting substances between blood cells and nerve cells.

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10
Q

What part of the brain connects the two hemispheres?

A

The Corpus Callosum

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11
Q

Name the different parts of the brain’s cortex

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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12
Q

What color matter is the brain’s cortex?

A

Grey

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13
Q

What are the main three subcortical structures of the cerebrum?

A

Remember BTH

  1. Basal Nulei
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
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14
Q

What color matter is the cerebrum?

A

White

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15
Q

Name the parts of the brain stem

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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16
Q

What part of the brain stem connects to the spinal chord?

A

Medulla

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17
Q

What purpose does the Cerebellum serve?

A

Coordinating different aspects of movement: ie, direction, force, and speed.

18
Q

What are the Myelin in the CNS called

A

Oligodenrocytes

19
Q

What are the Myelin in the PNS called?

A

Schwann Cells

20
Q

What purpose do Microglia serve?

A

The keep the CNS clean by engulfing and destroying harmful organisms.

21
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Originating on the same side.

22
Q

Contralateral

A

Originating on the opposite side

23
Q

What three types structures do neurons communicate with?

A
  • Neuron to neuron
  • neuron to muscle
  • Sensory receptors to neural structures
24
Q

Three ways to classify a nerve cell:

A
  • Function
  • Number of processes
  • Neurotransmitter it sends
25
Motor Neurons are:
- Efferent | - Bipolar (special senses like hearing and seeing) muscle gland
26
Sensory Neuron
Afferent Unipolar
27
Interneurons
Communicate with motor and sensory neurons within the CNS
28
Three prominent types of neurons classified by the neurotransmitters the send:
Dopaminergic Serotonergic Cholinergic
29
Define: Neuromuscular Junction
A chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
30
What are the 6 layers of the cortex?
1. Molecular layer 2. External granular 3. External pyramidal layer 4. Internal granular layer 5. Internal pyramidal layer 6. Multiform layer
31
How do Microglial cells protect the neurons from toxins in the blood?
Phagocytosis
32
What percentage of language is processed in the left hemisphere for RHP?
90%
33
What's the difference between Nuclei and Tracts?
Nuclei are densely packed cell bodies of neurons in the central nervous system. Tracts are bunches of axons.
34
Pyramidal
Initiation of voluntary motor acts. “Direct system” : Few synapses before brainstem or spinal cord
35
Extrapyramidal
Background tone and movement supporting primary motor acts. “Indirect system” : Many synapses in many structures - Parkinson’s is an example of a disorder involving the Extra-pyramidal
36
Choroid Plexus Cells
Cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.
37
5 Functions for the cerebrospinal fluid.
1. Buoyancy 2. Protection 3. Chemical stability 4. Prevention of brain ischemia 5. Clearing waste
38
What is another name for the lateral fissure?
The Sylvian Fissure
39
What is another name for the Primary Motor Strip in the Frontal Lobe?
Precentral Gyrus
40
Where is Broca's area?
The Frontal Operculum - which is near the lateral fissure.

CSD 352 (2 decks)

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