Nervous System Flashcards
What are the 2 divisions of the Central Nervous System?
Brain
Spinal cord
What are the 2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
12 Pairs of cranial nerves
31 Pairs of spinal nerves
Is the SOMATIC nervous system (within the PNS) Voluntary or Involuntary?
Voluntary
Is the AUTONOMIC nervous system (within the PNS) Voluntary or Involuntary?
Involuntary
The Autonomic system is divided in to two sections. These are?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.
Sympathetic Nerves will INCREASE HR, BR but inhibit peristalsis. True or Flase?
True
There are 4 Neuroglia?
True
What do astrocytes do?
They are the main supportive tissue of the Central Nervous System. Found in large numbers adjacent to blood vessels and are star shaped.
Oligodendrocytes are…?
Form and maintain myelin.
They are smaller than astrocytes.
Microglia are…?
Found mainly in the area of the blood cells and play a role in the auto-imune system.
What do Ependymal Cells do?
They form the epithelial lining of he ventricles of the brain and form the central canal of the spinal cord.
What condition can cause damage to myelin?
A stroke.
Does myelin insulate the axon?
Yes.
List 4 functions of myelin…
Insulate the axon
Allows an impulse to travel up to 20 times faster when myelin is present
Provides protection for the neuron
Is white matter
The functions of the nervous system are…?
To
RECEIVE - Stimuli from inside and outside the body. Then analyse and produce responses.
CONVEY - Impulses from the brain which control the body functions.
UNIFY - To integrate the different body functions.
The Vagus nerve is part of the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system. Which organs does it send signals to?
Heart - Rate and force of contraction decreased
Coronary Arteries - Vasoconstriction
Stomach - Secretion of gastric juice and peristalsis increased
Liver and gall bladder - Blood vessels dilated. Secretion of bile increased.
Pancreas - Secretion of pancreatic juice increased
Kidney - Urine secretion increased
Small & large intestine - Peristalsis increased, secretion increased, sphincters relaxed, digestion and absorption increased.
Is the vagus nerve the ONLY nerve to descend BELOW the neck?
YES.
Arises from the medulla.
What do neurone need to provide chemical energy?
Glucose allows the neurone to produce chemical energy. The neurone also requires 02.
What are neurones also called?
Nerve cells.
Do neuroglia generate electrical impulses?
NO. They are a ‘back up’ for neurones and are also known as glial cells. They support and protect they neurones and are capable of multiplying and dividing.
