Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

What are the 2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 2

12 Pairs of cranial nerves

31 Pairs of spinal nerves

Question 3

Is the SOMATIC nervous system (within the PNS) Voluntary or Involuntary?

Answer 3

Voluntary

Question 4

Is the AUTONOMIC nervous system (within the PNS) Voluntary or Involuntary?

Answer 4

Involuntary

Question 5

The Autonomic system is divided in to two sections. These are?

Answer 5

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.

Question 6

Sympathetic Nerves will INCREASE HR, BR but inhibit peristalsis. True or Flase?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

There are 4 Neuroglia?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 8

They are the main supportive tissue of the Central Nervous System. Found in large numbers adjacent to blood vessels and are star shaped.

Question 9

Oligodendrocytes are…?

Answer 9

Form and maintain myelin.

They are smaller than astrocytes.

Question 10

Microglia are…?

Answer 10

Found mainly in the area of the blood cells and play a role in the auto-imune system.

Question 11

What do Ependymal Cells do?

Answer 11

They form the epithelial lining of he ventricles of the brain and form the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 12

What condition can cause damage to myelin?

Answer 12

A stroke.

Question 13

Does myelin insulate the axon?

Answer 13

Yes.

Question 14

List 4 functions of myelin…

Answer 14

Insulate the axon
Allows an impulse to travel up to 20 times faster when myelin is present
Provides protection for the neuron
Is white matter

Question 15

The functions of the nervous system are…?

Answer 15

To
RECEIVE - Stimuli from inside and outside the body. Then analyse and produce responses.
CONVEY - Impulses from the brain which control the body functions.
UNIFY - To integrate the different body functions.

Question 16

The Vagus nerve is part of the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system. Which organs does it send signals to?

Answer 16

Heart - Rate and force of contraction decreased
Coronary Arteries - Vasoconstriction
Stomach - Secretion of gastric juice and peristalsis increased
Liver and gall bladder - Blood vessels dilated. Secretion of bile increased.
Pancreas - Secretion of pancreatic juice increased
Kidney - Urine secretion increased
Small & large intestine - Peristalsis increased, secretion increased, sphincters relaxed, digestion and absorption increased.

Question 17

Is the vagus nerve the ONLY nerve to descend BELOW the neck?

Answer 17

YES.

Arises from the medulla.

Question 18

What do neurone need to provide chemical energy?

Answer 18

Glucose allows the neurone to produce chemical energy. The neurone also requires 02.

Question 19

What are neurones also called?

Answer 19

Nerve cells.

Question 20

Do neuroglia generate electrical impulses?

Answer 20

NO. They are a ‘back up’ for neurones and are also known as glial cells. They support and protect they neurones and are capable of multiplying and dividing.