Nervous System

Question 1

Define the Somatic Nervous System

Answer 1

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system, controlling body movements that are primarily conscious and voluntary.

Question 2

Define the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 2

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls largely involuntary processes, including: digestion, secretion by sweat glands, circulation of blood, reproductive and excretory systems, and contraction of smooth muscles.

Question 3

What is the ganglion?

Answer 3

A functional concentration of nervous system tissue composed principally of nerve cell bodies, usually lying outside the central nervous system.

Question 4

What is the brain?

Answer 4

A single, organized, collection of nervous tissue in an organism’s head that forms the control centre of the nervous system and major sensory structures.

Question 5

What is a neuron?

Answer 5

An electrically active cell of the nervous system responsible for controlling behaviour and body functions.

Question 6

What is cephalization?

Answer 6

The development of an anterior head where sensory organs and nervous system tissue are concentrated.

Question 7

What is a neurogenic heart?

Answer 7

A heart that beats under the control of signals from the nervous system.

Question 8

What is white matter?

Answer 8

The myelinated axons that surround the grey matter of the central nervous system.

Question 9

What is neurulation?

Answer 9

The process in vertebrates by which organogenesis begins with development of the nervous system from ectoderm.

Question 10

What is Nervous Tissue?

Answer 10

Tissue that contains neurons, which serve as lines of communication and control between body parts.

Question 11

What is Sympathetic Division?

Answer 11

Division of the autonomic nervous system that predominates in situations involving stress, danger, excitement, or strenuous physical activity.

Question 12

What is Propagation?

Answer 12

In animal nervous systems, the concept that the action potential does not need further trigger events to keep going.

Question 13

What is Head-Foot?

Answer 13

In molluscs, the region of the body that provides the major means of locomotion and contains concentrations of nervous system tissues and sense organs.

Question 14

What is the Nerve Net?

Answer 14

A simple nervous system that coordinates responses to stimuli but has no central control organ or brain.

Question 15

What is the parasympathetic division?

Answer 15

The division of the autonomic nervous system that predominates during quiet, low-stress, situations - such as while relaxing.

Question 16

What are astrocytes?

Answer 16

Star-shaped glial cell that provides support to neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system.

Question 17

What is the taproot system?

Answer 17

A root system consisting of a single main root from which lateral roots can extend; often stores starch.

Question 18

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 18

In eukaryotes, a collection of interrelated internal membranous sacs that divide a cell into functional and structural compartments.

Question 19

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

An accessory system of vessels and organs that helps balance the fluid content of the blood and surrounding tissues and participates in the body’s defences against invading disease organisms.

Question 20

What two major cell types are responsible for receiving, transmitting, and analyzing information?

Answer 20

Neurons and glial cells.

Question 21

What are neurons bundled into in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 21

Long, slender, projections of neurons (axons) are bundled into cablelike projections called nerves that provide a pathway between different structures and the Central Nervous Sysyem.

Question 22

What are networks of nerves organized into in the CNS?

Answer 22

Ganglia and brains.

Question 23

What two levels are required for neural signalling between animal cells?

Answer 23

Between a single neuronal cell (neuron) and between neurons within networks or circuits.

Question 24

What are the four components of neural signalling?

Answer 24

Reception, integration, transmission, and response.

Question 25

Define Neural Signalling.

Answer 25

The process by which an animal responds appropriately to a stimulus.

Question 26

Define Reception.

Answer 26

The detection of a stimulus. In signal transduction, the binding of a signal molecule with a specific receptor in a target cell.

Question 27

Define Integration.

Answer 27

The sorting and interpretation of sensory inputs or neural messages and determination of the appropriate response(s).

Question 28

Define Transmission.

Answer 28

The sending of a message along a neuron to another neuron or to a muscle or gland.

Question 29

Define Response.

Answer 29

The output or action resulting from the integration of neural messages.

Question 30

What are Dendrites?

Answer 30

The branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives signals from other nerve cells.

Question 31

What is the cell body?

Answer 31

The portion of the neuron containing genetic material and cellular organelles.