Nervous System

Question 0

Ganglia

Answer 0

Neuron cell bodies bundled together

Question 1

Nerve

Answer 1

An enclosed bundle of many axons

Question 2

Afferent

Answer 2

Sensory nerves
Away from sensory receptors
Sends signal back

Question 3

Efferent

Answer 3

Motor nerves
Transmits signal to effector cells/motor neurons
Sends signal down to hand to move

Question 4

Interneurons

Answer 4

Mediate the response from a given signal

Translate signal/tell you how to react

Question 5

3 types of nerves

Answer 5

1. Afferent
2. Efferent
3. Interneurons

Question 6

Can nerves be repaired?

Answer 6

Yes– if you have cell body and part of projection

Question 7

Human nervous system

Answer 7

Structure: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function: transmit info from receptors, process it, and respond; controls everything

Bilateral nervous system: right and left are mirror images

Question 8

Central nervous system

Answer 8

Brain and spinal cord

Processing center: perception, memory, movement, reflex

Question 9

Spinal cord

Answer 9

Relay signals between body and brain

Question 10

Gray and white matter

Answer 10

Gray: unmyelinated neuronal tissue (mostly cell bodies)

White: heavily myelinated tissue (faster; covers more distance)

Question 11

Blood brain barrier

Answer 11

Highly selective barrier formed by astrocytes
Can get in: water O2/CO2, glucose,amino acids
Cannot: bacteria/viruses,antibodies, drugs/dyes

Brain and spinal cord surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 12

All the nerves outside of the brain and spine

Question 13

Cranial nerves

Answer 13

12 pairs of nerves directly connected to the rain (mix of motor/sensory neurons)
11/12 control actions from chin up

Question 14

Spinal nerves

Answer 14

3 regions:

 1. Cervical: neck, shoulders, arms, diaphragm 
 2. Thoracic: hands, fingers,abdominals, "core"
 3. Lumbar: hips, legs,feet,toes

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

Subset of periphery nervous system that controls vital functions at the subconscious level
Has both sensory and motor elements

Question 16

Somatic nervous system

Answer 16

Subset of periphery nervous system that controls skeletal muscles voluntarily
Does not include sensory nerves, only motor

Question 17

Neuronal circuits

Answer 17

Network of nerve cells that become active when needed (stimulus response)

Believed that nerves remained inactive until stimulated –FALSE, neurons also have intrinsic activity

Question 18

Reflex

Answer 18

An involuntary,nearly instant, reaction to a stimulus