Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System function

A

“Coordinates activities like locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two main communication systems

A

“Endocrine system and Nervous system. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Speed of the nervous system

A

“Works very rapidly. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Message transmission in the nervous system

A

“Electrical impulses along nerves. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Purpose of rapid response

A

“Enables quick detection and response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of the nervous system

A

“Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of sensory receptors

A

“Detect stimuli from the external and internal environment. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of effectors

A

“Muscles and glands. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Actions of effectors

A

“Muscular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

“Collect information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Speed of information transfer in the nervous system

A

“Extremely rapid due to electric impulses. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two main parts of the vertebrate nervous system

A

“Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Components of the Central Nervous System

A

“Brain and spinal cord. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Components of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

“Sensory system and motor system. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Components of the sensory system

A

“Sensory receptors and sensory or afferent neurones. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Components of the motor system

A

“Motor or efferent neurones. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two parts of the motor system

A

“Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of the somatic nervous system

A

“Carries instructions to voluntary muscles. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of the autonomic nervous system

A

“Carries instructions to involuntary muscles and glands. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Two parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

“Parasympathetic system and sympathetic system. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of the parasympathetic system

A

“Operates during normal relaxed circumstances. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of the sympathetic system

A

“Takes over under stressful situations and emergencies. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central Nervous System protection

A

“Enclosed within the vertebral column and skull. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of the Central Nervous System

A

“Coordinates the activities of the nervous system. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Information transmission to the CNS

A

“Sensory impulses via sensory nerves. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Information transmission from the CNS

A

“Motor impulses via motor nerves. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Structure of the spinal cord

A

“Cylinder of nervous tissue made of thousands of neurones. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Protection of the spinal cord

A

“Enveloped within three membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Central canal of the spinal cord

A

“Filled with cerebrospinal fluid. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Grey matter of the spinal cord

A

“Central region containing cell bodies of neurones. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

White matter of the spinal cord

A

“Lighter region surrounding grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Functions of the spinal cord

A

“Coordinating simple reflex actions and acting as a pathway between spinal nerves and the brain. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Average weight of the adult human brain

A

“1.2 to 1.4 kg. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Oxygen consumption of the brain

A

“Consumes 25% of the body’s oxygen supply. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Brain composition

A

“Mainly neurones forming grey and white matter. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Location of grey matter in the brain

A

“Outer region. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Location of white matter in the brain

A

“Inner region. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Hollow chambers within the brain

A

“Ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Three regions of the brain

A

“Forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Spinal nerves

A

“Extend from the right and left sides of the spinal cord. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Composition of spinal nerves

A

“Sensory and motor neurones (mixed nerve). “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Dorsal root of spinal nerve

A

“Contains sensory neurones bringing impulses to the spinal cord (sensory root). “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Ventral root of spinal nerve

A

“Contains motor neurones carrying impulses away from the spinal cord (motor root). “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Function of spinal nerve structure

A

“One-way system for sensory impulses to enter and motor impulses to leave the spinal cord. “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

“Swelling containing cell bodies of sensory neurones. “

46
Q

Cranial nerves

A

“Part of the peripheral nervous system. “

47
Q

Number of cranial nerve pairs in humans

A

“12. “

48
Q

Function of cranial nerves

A

“Link the brain to receptors and effectors mainly in the head and neck. “

49
Q

Meninges

A

“Membranes enveloping the spinal cord and brain. “

50
Q

Dura mater

A

“Outermost

51
Q

Pia mater

A

“Innermost

52
Q

Arachnoid mater

53
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid function

A

“Acts as a shock absorber

54
Q

Location of cerebrospinal fluid

A

“Spinal canal

55
Q

Formation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

“Continually formed from blood in capillary networks. “

56
Q

Functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A

“Bathes neurones

57
Q

Increase in size

A

“Forebrain “

58
Q

Most predominant part of the human brain

A

“Forebrain “

59
Q

Parts of the forebrain

A

“Cerebrum

60
Q

Halves of the cerebrum

A

“Right and left cerebral hemispheres. “

61
Q

Connection between cerebral hemispheres

A

“Corpus callosum. “

62
Q

Lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

A

“Frontal

63
Q

Most active region of the cerebrum

A

“Cerebral cortex. “

64
Q

Thickness of the cerebral cortex

A

“About 3 mm. “

65
Q

Composition of the cerebral cortex

A

“Grey matter. “

66
Q

Convolutions in the cerebral cortex

A

“Increase surface area and number of neurones. “

67
Q

Cerebrum functions

A

“Coordinates voluntary and some involuntary activities. “

68
Q

Functions of the cerebrum

A

“Receiving sensory information

69
Q

Processing sensory information

A

“Recognizing

70
Q

Higher mental functions

A

“Learning

71
Q

Other activities of the cerebrum

A

“Imagination and creativity. “

72
Q

Control of the body

A

“Left cerebral hemisphere controls the right side and vice versa. “

73
Q

Association areas

A

“Concerned with higher mental activities. “

74
Q

Thalamus

A

“Two ovoid structures at the back of the forebrain. “

75
Q

Functions of the thalamus

A

“Relay centre for sensory information and coordination of outgoing motor impulses. “

76
Q

Hypothalamus

A

“Region below the thalami. “

77
Q

Function of the hypothalamus

A

“Main coordinating and control centre for the autonomic nervous system and homeostasis. “

78
Q

Homeostatic regulations by the hypothalamus

A

“Regulates body temperature

79
Q

Additional function of the hypothalamus

A

“Controls endocrine secretions. “

80
Q

Midbrain function

A

“Connects the forebrain with the hindbrain and controls certain sight and hearing reflexes. “

81
Q

Hindbrain function

A

“Coordinates most of the body’s automatic involuntary activities. “

82
Q

Components of the hindbrain

A

“Cerebellum

83
Q

Parts of the cerebellum

A

“Central part and two lateral cerebellar hemispheres. “

84
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

“Controls and coordinates body posture and muscular movements

85
Q

Pons varolii

A

“Broad band of fibres connecting the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. “

86
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

“Posterior end of the brain continuing into the spinal cord. “

87
Q

Function of the medulla oblongata

A

“Controls many involuntary movements

88
Q

Additional function of the medulla oblongata

A

“Controls constriction and dilation of blood vessels (regulating blood pressure). “

89
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

“Neurological bridge between the environment and the central nervous system (sensory system) and the central nervous system and the effectors (motor system). “

90
Q

Sensory system components

A

“Sensory receptors and sensory or afferent neurones. “

91
Q

Location of some sensory receptors

A

“Special sense organs like eyes and ears. “

92
Q

Motor system components

A

“Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. “

93
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

“Network of motor or efferent neurones connecting the central nervous system to skeletal muscles. “

94
Q

Function of the somatic nervous system

A

“Controls all skeletal movements

95
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

“Connects the central nervous system with glands

96
Q

Components of the autonomic nervous system

A

“Motor or efferent nerve fibres from the CNS to ganglia and motor or efferent neurones from ganglia to effectors. “

97
Q

Action of impulses in the autonomic nervous system

A

“May stimulate or inhibit effectors.

98
Q

Effects of the autonomic nervous system

A

“The effectors that the autonomic nervous system innervates are part of internal organs like the heart and the alimentary canal. Their activities are mainly involuntary

99
Q

Two separate systems of the autonomic nervous system

A

“The parasympathetic nervous system

100
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system effects

A

“The effects of this nervous system dominate during normal relaxed periods. “

101
Q

Sympathetic nervous system effects

A

“The effects of this nervous system dominate in times of emergency or prolonged exertion

102
Q

Effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

“The sympathetic nervous system also stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline

103
Q

Basic structural units of the nervous system

A

“The nerve cells or neurones. “

104
Q

Specialization of neurones

A

“They are highly specialized for transmitting electric impulses and have therefore lost their ability to regenerate. “

105
Q

Basic parts of a neurone

A

“A cell body

106
Q

Function of dendrons

A

“Carry nerve impulses that their dendrites receive to the cell body. “

107
Q

Function of the axon

A

“Carries electric impulses away from the cell body

108
Q

Myelin sheath

A

“A fatty sheath that sometimes surrounds an axon

109
Q

Function of the myelin sheath

A

“Acts as an electrical insulator and increases the speed at which impulses travel along an axon. “

110
Q

Synaptic knobs function

A

“Release chemicals that bring about the transfer of electrical impulses from an axon to target cells. “

Biology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions