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Semester 1, Year 2 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the following cranial nerves?

A
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2
Q

Identify the cranial nerve that is only found on the posterior brainstem?

A

CN IV (is inferior to the inferior colliculus)

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3
Q

Identify the following cranial nerves?

A
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4
Q

Identify the following cranial nerves?

A
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5
Q

Identify the following cranial nerves?

A
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6
Q

Identify ALL the cranial nerves?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Accessory nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve
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7
Q

Identify ALL the cranial nerves?

A
  1. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  2. Trigeminal nerve
  3. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  4. Oculomotor nerve
  5. Hypoglossal nerve
  6. Vagus nerve
  7. Olfactory tract (aka olfactory nerve)
  8. Facial nerve
  9. Accessory nerve
  10. Abducens nerve
  11. Optic chiasm (aka optic nerve)
  12. Trochlear nerve
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8
Q

Identify the foramina and their cranial nerves that pass through them?

A
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9
Q

What is the acronym for naming cranial nerves?

A

Oh - Olfactory
Oh - Optic
Oh - Oculomotor
To - Trochlear
Touch - Trigeminal
And - Abducens
Feel - Facial
Very - Vestibulocochlear
Good - Glossopharyngeal
Velvet - Vagus
And - Accessory
Heaven - Hypoglossal

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10
Q

What is the acronym for knowing whether the cranial nerves are sensory, motor or both?

A

Some
Say
marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Brains
Matter
More

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11
Q

Identify and define?

A

Corpus callosum: A bundle of nerve fibres that connects your left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate with each other.

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12
Q

Identify the regions and its parts?

A

Diencephalon: Made up of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

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13
Q

Identify the regions and its parts?

A

Brainstem: Made up of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

The cerebral peduncles connect the brainstem to the cerebellum.

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14
Q

Where does the spinal cord exit the brain?

A

Foramen magnum

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15
Q

Identify and define?

A

Central sulcus: Separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobes

Parieto-occipital sulcus: Separates the parietal and occipital lobes

Sylvian fissure (lateral fissure): Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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16
Q
A

Limbic lobe: A group of brain structures involved in emotion and memory

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17
Q

Identify the parts of the ventricular system?

A
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18
Q

Define white and grey matter?

A

White matter: The sum of all myelinated axons as they travel through the CNS.

Grey matter: The sum of all nerve cell bodies

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19
Q

Name the meningeal coverings and identify their function?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid matter and pia matter: Surround and protect the brain and spinal cord and help stabilise them within their bony surroundings

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20
Q

Define arachnoid trabeculae?

A

Small strands of tissue where spinal blood vessels are located

***Located between the arachnoid matter and pia matter (aka subarachnoid space)

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21
Q

Identify and explain?

A

Denticulate ligament: Triangular extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater, restricting its rotation and movement within the spinal canal

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22
Q

Identify and explain?

A

Filum terminale (aka terminal thread): A fibrous band that connects the spinal cord to the coccyx

23
Q

Identify and explain?

A

Conus medullaris: The lower end of the spinal cord that tapers off around the lumbar vertebrae

24
Q

Identify and explain?

A

Cauda equina (‘horses tail’): A collection of lumbosacral nerve roots that surround the conus medullaris

25
What is the relationship between bones and their respective nerves?
Skull --> CN I to CN XII C1 - C7 vertebrae --> C1 - C8 nerves T1 - T12 vertebrae --> T1 - T12 nerves L1 - L5 --> L1 - L5 nerves Sacrum --> S1 - S5 Coccyx --> C1
26
Identify the enlargments of the spinal cord?
Cervical enlargment: C4-T1 spinal nerves Lumbosacral enlargment: L2-S3 spinal nerves
27
What does the brainstem contain?
Nerve fibre tracts that connect the cortex with the cerebellum and spinal cord as well as the nuclei of cranial nerves (all except CN I and II) and the reticular foramen
28
Identify parts of the posterior brainstem?
29
Identify parts of the superio-posterior brainstem?
30
What is the function of the substantia nigra?
Has a key role in reward, addiction and movement
31
Identify and explain?
Descending motor tracts of the pons: Are pathways that carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord to control movement
32
Identify and explain?
Cerebellar peduncles: Are a type of relay nuclei that serve as the primary connection between the cerebellum and brainstem
33
What does the medulla contain and why is it so important?
Contains cranial nerve nuclei and is important because it contains the breathing centre for the regulation of airways, breathing and circulation
34
Identify the regions of the posterior medulla (part of the brainstem)?
35
Identify parts of the anterior brainstem?
36
Identify parts of the posterior brainstem?
The posterior columns ascend with sensory information from the spinal cord *Nucleus gracilis = medial *Nucleus cuneatus = lateral
37
Identify the boundaries of the fourth ventricle?
38
39
Where do the descending motor fibres travel in the brainstem?
In the base of the brainstem, which comprises the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain, the basal pons and the base of the medulla (aka pyramids)
40
Identify parts of the rostral dissection of the midbrain?
41
Name the cranial nerves located in the midbrain, pons and medulla?
Midbrain = CN III, CN IV Pons = CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII Medulla = CN IX, CN X, CN XII *Note: CN XI emerges from the upper cervical levels of the spinal cord
42
Identify where chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve are found and what their role is?
In the pons and processes touch and vibration
43
Identify where pain & temperature of the face is processed and where proprioception of the muscles of mastication are processed?
Spinal trigeminal nucleus = processes pain and temperature of the face Mesencephalic nucleus in the midbrain = processes proprioception of the muscles of mastication
44
What provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication and where is it located?
Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and is immediately rostral to the chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the pons?
45
Explain the afferent and efferent process of the trigeminal nerve?
Afference will come in from the cell bodies in the trigeminal nerve and travel towards either the chief sensory nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus or mesenphalic nucleus Motor fibres in the motor nucleus receive and send this signal to the muscles of mastication
46
What is the function of the cerebellum?
1. Involved in the control of motor function 2. Receiving input from the spinal cord that conveys proprioceptive information (information about our muscle and joint position) and vestibular information (information relating to balance)
47
48
What does the cerebellum have a large number of connections to?
With the cerebral cortex that are important for regulating movement
49
What structure isolates the cerebellum in the posterior cranial fossa?
Tentorium cerebelli
50
What connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?
Three cerebellar peduncles
51
Identify the following structures in the anterior cerebellum?
52
What is the follicular nodular lobe responsible for?
Maintaining balance
53

Semester 1, Year 2 (3 decks)

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