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Psych Key Assessment > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of neurons?

A

Dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons, and synapse

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2
Q

What is the soma?

A

Cell body

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3
Q

What is the axon?

A

Transmitting end, transmits electrical pulses to other neurons

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4
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Receiving end, receives incoming messages from other neurons

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5
Q

What is myeline sheath?

A

a fatty substance surrounding the axon that makes the nerve impulses travel faster and more efficiently

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6
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

The little knobs at the end of the axon that contains tiny sacs of neurotransmitters

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7
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The space between an axon and an adjacent neuron, where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

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8
Q

How is an action potential generated?

A

1, Starts at resting potential (-70 mV)
2. A signal from another neuron comes (triggers at -55 mV)
3. Depolarization - voltage change (50 mV)
- Sodium channels open causing the inside of the cell to become positive
4. Repolarization /hyperpolarization
- Potassium channels open causing too much potassium to leave the inside of the cell (overshoots)
5. Back to resting potential
- The sodium and potassium pump turns back on to restore resting potential

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9
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical messenger that carries signals between neurons, muscles, and glands

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10
Q

How is communication between neurons accomplished?

A

The action potential causes the terminal buttons to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to fuse to the next neuron

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11
Q

What are the 6 basic neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, and glutamate

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12
Q

What does acetylcholine do?

A

Learning and memory, motor movements

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13
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Sensations and pleasure, voluntary movement

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14
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

Regulation of mood, control dreaming

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15
Q

What does norepinephrine do?

A

control of voluntary reponses

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16
Q

What does GABA do?

A

sleep, inhibits movement

17
Q

What does glutamate do?

A

Learning and memory, excitatory neurotransmitter

18
Q

What is the structure of the nervous system?

A

Nervous system → peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous system → autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Autonomic Nervous system → sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

19
Q

What are the three parts of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

20
Q

Where is the hindbrain? What does it do? What’s in it?

A

Location: Directly connected to the spinal cord
Job: regulate heart rate, arousal, and other basic functions of survival
Parts: Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum

21
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

regulate BP, breathing, and HR
involuntary, reflective responses

22
Q

What does the pons do?

A

regulate BP, breathing, and HR
involuntary, reflective response
body movements

23
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

body movement, balance, coordination, fine-tuning motor skills, and cognitive activities

24
Q

What is the forebrain composed of?

A

Limbic system and cerebral cortex

25
Q

What is in the limbic system? What do they do?

A
  1. Hippocampus - formation of memories and short-term memory
  2. Amygdala - process emotion information
26
Q

What are the 4 lobes?

A

Frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal

27
Q

What does the frontal lobe do? What cortexes are in it?

A

Function: planning and strategizing
Cortexes: primary motor and gustatory
Broca’s area - production of speech

28
Q

What does the temporal lobe do? What cortexes are in it?

A

Primary auditory cortex and primary olfactory cortex
Wernicke’s area → language comprehension
Fusiform gyrus → face recognition

29
Q

What does the occipital lobe do? What cortex is in it?

A

Function: vision
Cortex: primary visual

30
Q

What does the parietal lobe do? What cortex is in it?

A

Function: attention
Cortex: primary somatosensory (touch)

31
Q

What is the split-brain experiment show?

A

Left-hemisphere: verbal processing
Right-hemisphere: creative processing

32
Q

What is the blank slate theory? Who created it?

A

Creator: John Locke
You come to the world as a blank slate and gain knowledge and personality from experience

33
Q

What is the ghost in the machine theory? Who created it?

A

Creator: Rene Descartes
Our body is a machine with a soul in it

34
Q

What is the noble savage theory? Who created it?

A

Creator: John Jacques Rousseau
Human beings are born good but we are born into a corrupt society that can ruin us

Psych Key Assessment (2 decks)

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