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Science > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves throughout the body communicating with CNS.

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3
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cell transmitting electrical impulses.

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4
Q

Electrical Impulse

A

Fast signal carried by neurons.

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5
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of neurons transmitting information.

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6
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains the nucleus of the neuron.

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Branches receiving messages from other neurons.

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8
Q

Axon

A

Nerve fiber sending impulses away from cell body.

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9
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Passes messages to the next neuron’s dendrite.

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10
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Fatty layer insulating axon, speeding impulses.

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons for communication.

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical signal transmitting across synapse.

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13
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Carry messages from sense organs to CNS.

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14
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory and motor neurons in CNS.

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15
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Transmit information away from CNS to muscles.

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16
Q

Role of Dendrite

A

Receives signals from other neurons.

17
Q

Role of Axon

A

Sends impulses away from neuron.

18
Q

Role of Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates axon, increasing transmission speed.

19
Q

Role of Axon Terminal

A

Transfers signals to next neuron’s dendrite.

20
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements

21
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat

22
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Speeds up the functions of the body - fight or flight

23
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Slows everything down - in control when the body is resting

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