Nervous System Flashcards
What type of stimulus does the eye organ detect
Light
What type of stimulus does the ears detect
Sound, balance, pressure
What type of stimulus does the nose detect?
Chemicals
What type of stimulus does the mouth detect
Chemicals
What type of stimulus does the Skin detect?
Pressure (pain), temperature
What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is a change in the environment that triggers a response
What is a response?
A respond is what you do to respond the stimulus
What is a receptor?
A receptor is a specialized cell that detects a stimulus, e.g. light receptors in your eye
They detect stimuli and send a message to the CNS by converting the message they receive (transduction) into a nerve impulse.
What is an effector?
An effector is a muscle or gland that brings about the response.
Differences between the Endocrine and Nervous Systems (4 comparisons)
Endocrine System
- Gradual Changes over a period of time
- May take a long time
- Chemical messengers - hormones
- Growth, menstrual cycle
Nervous System
- Rapid response
- Take a few seconds
- Electrical impulses and chemicals
- Reflexes
Synaptic Transmission:
- The electrical impulse arrives at the end of the presynaptic neuron.
- Neurotransmitters are framed and they diffuse across the synapse (chemicals)
- The neurotransmitters attach to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron and restart the electrical impulse.
Define synapses
At the point where 2 neurons meet, there is a physical gap called a synapse
Chemical transmission
The nervous impulse cannot be transmitted across this gap electrically ∴ instead, the end of one neurone produces chemicals which diffuse across the gap to the next neuron
Define neurotransmitters
The chemicals that transmit the impulse are called chemical transmitters or neurotransmitters
Drug that affect the transmission of impulses at synapses
Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy
