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ANAPHY-RT105 > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

To familiarize the parts of the nervous system and its functions.

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory Input
  2. Integration
  3. Motor Output
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2
Q

It gathers information and also monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body (stimuli).

A

Sensory Input

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3
Q

Processes and interprets sensory input, and it also decides if action is needed.

A

Integration

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4
Q

It responses to integrated stimuli and activates muscles or glands.

A

Motor Output

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5
Q

What are the 2 Structural Classification of the Nervous System?

A
  1. Central Nervous System
  2. Peripheral Nervous System
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6
Q

It is where the brain and spinal cord are part of the system.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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7
Q

The nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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8
Q

2 Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System

A
  1. Sensory (Afferent) Division
  2. Motor (Efferent) Division
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9
Q

It is where the nerves fibers carry information to the CNS.

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division

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10
Q

It is where nerve fibers carrying impulses away from the CNS.

A

Motor (Efferent) Division

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11
Q

2 Subdivisions of Motor (Efferent) Division

A
  1. Somatic Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
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12
Q

Which of the 2 subdivisions is the voluntary one?

A

Somatic Nervous System

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13
Q

Which of the 2 subdivisions is the involuntary one?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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14
Q

True or False: Neuroglia do not divide, but Neurons do.

A

False, Neuroglia divide and neurons do not.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Most brain tumors are “_____”

A

Gliomas

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16
Q

What are the 2 Support Cells of the PNS?

A
  1. Satellite Cells
  2. Schwann Cells
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17
Q

This cell protects the neuron cell bodies.

A

Satellite Cells

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18
Q

This cell forms myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.

A

Schwann Cells

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19
Q

True or False: Nerve is also known as Neurons.

A

True

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20
Q

These cells specialized to transmit messages.

A

Neurons

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21
Q

What are the 2 major regions of the Neurons/Nerve?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Processes
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22
Q

This is composed of nucleus and metabolic center.

A

Cell Body

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23
Q

This is made up of dendrites and axons.

A

Processes

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24
Q

What can be found in the Cell Body?

A

Nucleus and Large Nucleolus

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25
Q

What can be found in the extensions outside the Cell Body?

A

Dendrites and Axons

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26
Q

This conducts impulses toward the cell body.

A

Dendrites

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27
Q

This conduct impulses away from the cell body.

A

Axons

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28
Q

What are the 2 functional classification of Neurons?

A
  1. Sensory (Afferent) Neurons
  2. Motor (Efferent) Neurons
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29
Q

This carries impulses from sensory receptors.

A

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

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30
Q

This carry impulses from the CNS.

A

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

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31
Q

This is found in neural pathways in the CNS and connects sensory and motor neurons.

A

Interneurons

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32
Q

What are the 3 Structural Classification of Neurons?

A
  1. Multipolar Neurons
  2. Bipolar Neurons
  3. Unipolar Neurons
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33
Q

It has many extensions from the cell body.

A

Multipolar Neurons

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34
Q

It has one axon and one dendrite.

A

Bipolar Neurons

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35
Q

It has a short single process leaving the cell body.

A

Unipolar Neurons

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36
Q

How do Neurons Function?

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Conductivity
  3. Polarization of the Plasma Membrane at rest
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37
Q

It is the ability to response to stimuli.

A

Irritability

38
Q

It is the ability to transmit a message.

A

Conductivity

39
Q

Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell.

A

Polarization of the Plasma Membrane at Rest

40
Q

It is the rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli.

A

Reflex

41
Q

What are the 2 types of Reflexes and Regulation?

A
  1. Autonomic Reflexes
  2. Somatic Reflexes
42
Q

Smooth muscle regulation, heart and blood pressure regulation, regulation of glands, and digestive system regulation.

A

Autonomic Reflexes

43
Q

Activation of Skeletal Muscles

A

Somatic Reflexes

44
Q

What are the 4 regions of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebral Hemisphere
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brain stem
45
Q

It includes more than half of the brain mass.

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

46
Q

The surface of the hemisphere are made of..

A

Ridges (Gyri) and Grooves (Sulci)

47
Q

What are the lobes of the Cerebrum?

A

Front, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal Lobe

48
Q

These are also known as deep grooves, dividing the cerebrum into the 4 lobes.

A

Fissures

49
Q

What are the 3 specialized area of the Cerebrum?

A
  1. Somatic Sensory Area
  2. Primary Motor Area
  3. Broca’s Area
50
Q

It is the area where it receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors.

A

Somatic Sensory Area

51
Q

It is the area where it sends impulses to skeletal muscles.

A

Primary Motor Area

52
Q

It is the area where it involves in our ability to speak.

A

Broca’s Area

53
Q

What are the 4 Cerebral areas that involves in special senses?

A
  1. Gustatory Area (taste)
  2. Visual Area
  3. Auditory Area
  4. Olfactory Area (smell)
54
Q

What are the 3 interpretation areas of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Speech/Language Region
  2. Language Comprehension Region
  3. General Interpretation Area
55
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Cerebrum?

A
  1. Gray Matter
  2. White Matter
56
Q

It is the outer layer and composed mostly of neuron cell bodies.

A

Gray Matter

57
Q

It is where fiber tracts and basal nuclei is.

A

White Matter

58
Q

It is the internal islands of gray matter.

A

Basal Nuclei

59
Q

This sits on top of the brain stem and it is enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Diencephalon

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of Diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
61
Q

It surrounds the third ventricle, the relay station for sensory impulses, and it transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation.

A

Thalamus

62
Q

This is under the Thalamus, an important part of the limbic system (emotions), and it is where the pituitary gland that is attached.

It helps regulate body temperature, controls water balance, and regulates metabolism.

A

Hypothalamus

63
Q

It forms the roof of the third ventricle, houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland), and includes the choroid plexus - forms cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Epithalamus

64
Q

This is attached to the spinal cord.

A

Brain Stem

65
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Brain Stem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
66
Q

It is the bulging center part of the brain stem, mostly composed of fiber tracts, and includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing.

A

Pons

67
Q

It is the lowest part of the brain stem, merges into the spinal cord, and includes important fiber tracts.

Contains important control centers:
1. Heart rate control
2. Blood pressure regulations
3. Breathing
4. Swallowing
5. Vomiting

A

Medulla Oblongata

68
Q

It is the two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces and provides involuntary coordination of body movements.

A

Cerebellum

69
Q

Give 5 parts that protects the central nervous system.

A
  1. Scalp and Skin
  2. Skull and Vertebral Column
  3. Meninges
  4. Cerebrospinal Fluid
  5. Blood Brain Barrier
70
Q

It is the dura mater – double layered external covering - folds inward in several areas.

A

Meninges

71
Q

It is similar to blood plasma composition, formed by the choroid plexus, forms a watery cushion to protect the brain, and circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

72
Q

What are the 3 Traumatic Brain Injuries?

A

Concussion, Contusion, and Cerebral Edema

73
Q

It is the slight brain injury and no permanent brain damage.

A

Concussion

74
Q

It is when the nervous tissue destruction occurs and tissue does not regenerate.

A

Contusion

75
Q

It is the swelling from inflammatory response and may compress and kill brain tissue.

A

Cerebral Edema

76
Q

It is commonly called a stroke, it is the result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain, brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies, and loss of some functions or death may result.

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

77
Q

This extends from the medulla oblongata to the region of T12.

A

Spinal Cord

78
Q

This is a progressive degenerative brain disease that is mostly seen in the elderly but may begin in middle age. The structural changes in the brain include abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers with neurons.

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

79
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease: Victims may experience..

A

Memory Loss, irritability, confusion, and ultimately, hallucinations and death.

80
Q

Bundle of Neuron Fibers

A

Nerve

81
Q

What kind of tissue are neuron fibers bundled by?

A

Connective Tissue

82
Q

In the spinal cord anatomy, what part is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Central Canal

83
Q

What are the 2 structures of the Nerve?

A
  1. Endoneurium
  2. Fascicles
84
Q

This surrounds each fiber.

A

Endoneurium

85
Q

These are bound together by the epineurium.

A

Fascicles

86
Q

This contains both sensory and motor fibers.

A

Mixed Nerves

87
Q

This carries impulses towards the CNS.

A

Afferent Nerves

88
Q

These carry impulses away from the CNS.

A

Efferent Nerves

89
Q

How many pair of spinal nerves are at the level of each vertebrae?

A

Total of 31 pairs

90
Q

This consists of only motor nerves and is divided into two divisions.

A

Involuntary Branch

91
Q

It is the “Fight or Flight” response to unusual stimuli. Increases activities associated with Exercise, Excitement, Emergency, and Embarrassment.

A

Sympathetic Division

92
Q

It controls the “housekeeping” activities, conserves energy and maintains daily necessary body functions, associated with Digestion, Defecation, and Diuresis.

A

Parasympathetic Division

ANAPHY-RT105 (2 decks)

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