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Bio 12 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nerve cells that conduct nerve impulses

A

neurons

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2
Q

Neural circuit through the spinal cord that provides the framework for a reflex action

A

Reflec arc

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3
Q

Insulated covering on the axon of a nerve cell

A

myelin sheath

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4
Q

Regions between neurons, or between neurons and effectors

A

synaptic cleft

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5
Q

Division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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6
Q

Regularly occurring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon

A

Nodes of renvier

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7
Q

Minimum level of a stimulus required to produce a response

A

-55Mv (threshold potential)

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8
Q

Outer lining of the cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Projections of cytoplasm that carry impulses towards the cell body

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

Division of the nervous system that relays information between the body and the CNS

A

PNS

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11
Q

Process of restoring the original polarity of the nerve membrane

A

Repolarzation

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12
Q

Chemicals that are released into synaptic cleft

A

Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Cushioning fluid that circulates between the innermost & middle membranes of the brain & spinal cord

A

cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

Recovery time required before a neuron can produce another action potential

A

refractory period

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15
Q

Nerve tracts that join the left and right cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (ex. muscles)

A

motor neurons

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17
Q

Region of brain that acts as a relay station sending nerve messages between the cerebellum & medulla

A

pons

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18
Q

Special type of glial cell that produces myelin sheath in the PNS

A

shwanns cell

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19
Q

Area of the brain that coordinates and interprets sensory information and directs it to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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20
Q

Extension of the cytoplasm that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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21
Q

The voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when a nerve is excited

A

action potential

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22
Q

Part of the hindbrain that controls limb movements, balance, and muscle tone

A

cerrebellum

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23
Q

Diffusion of sodium ions into the nerve cell resulting in a charge reversal

A

Deporlarization (+35Mv)

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24
Q

Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

25
Q

Neurons that carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

sensory neurons

26
Q

The membrane potential (in mV) of a resting membrane

A

-70Mv

27
Q

Voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane during the resting stage

A

resting potential

28
Q

Largest most highly developed part of the brain; stores sensory info & initiates voluntary motor activities

A

cerebrum

29
Q

This active transport mechanism moves ions against the concentration gradient

A

sodium-potassium pump

30
Q

Neuron that carries impulses to the synapse

A

presynaptic neuron

31
Q

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

A

cholinesterase

32
Q

Lobe of the cerebrum that is responsible for vision and interpretation of visual info

A

occipital lobe

33
Q

Neuron that carries impulses away from the synapse

A

postsynaptic neuron

34
Q

Lobe of the cerebrum responsible for control of voluntary muscle, intellectual activities & personality

A

Frontal lobe

35
Q

Sensory receptors in your skin that respond to warm and cold temperatures

A

Thermoreceptors

36
Q

Located under the thalamus; important part of autonomic nervous system

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

Lobe of the cerebrum responsible for touch and temperature awareness and emotions

A

parietal lobe

38
Q

sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli

A

mechanoreceptors

39
Q

State of the neuron membrane when it is slightly more negative than its resting potential

A

hyperpolarization (-90Mv)

40
Q

Lobe of the cerebrum, sensory areas for hearing & vision, memory & interpretation of sensory info

A

temporal lobe

41
Q

Name the three regions of the brain

A

Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain

42
Q

This division of the nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

43
Q

This division of the nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands (involuntary)

A

autonomic

44
Q

Neurons in the spinal cord and brain that link sensory and motor neurons

A

interneurons

45
Q

Sensory receptors in the eye that respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

46
Q

Sensory receptors in your nose and tongue that respond to chemicals

A

chemoreceptors

47
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress

A

Sympathetic

48
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system that return the body to normal after stress

A

PArasympathetic

49
Q

A thin layer of photoreceptors that line the inside of the eye; contains rods and cones

A

Retina

50
Q

The transparent tissue on the front of the eye; allows light through

A

cornea

51
Q

Coloured portion of the eye that contains muscles that control the size of the pupil

A

iris

52
Q

Muscles that bend the lens and allow for accommodation

A

Ciliary muscles

53
Q

Jelly like substance that fills the eyeball

A

Vitreous Humor

54
Q

The tough, white covering that protects 5/6 of the eyeball

A

sclera

55
Q

The layer of blood vessels that nourish the eye

A

Choroid layer

56
Q

Transparent tissue that bends light as it passes through the eye; allows focus

A

Lens

57
Q

What are rods?

A

Rods are photoreceptors that respond to low light conditions Impulse from group of rod cells pass to single nerve in optic nerve.

58
Q

What are cones (in the eye)

A

Cones are photoreceptors that respond to bright conditions and color
Impulse from a single cone cell passes to a single nerve fibre of optic nerve.

Bio 12 (3 decks)

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