Nervous System

Question 1

specialized cells of the nervous system that carry messages from your body to the brain

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

a bundle of nerve fibers

Answer 2

Nerve

Question 3

a change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react

Answer 3

Stimulus

Question 4

an autonomic response

Answer 4

Reflex

Question 5

the part of a neuron that carries impulses toward the neuron’s cell body

Answer 5

Dendrite

Question 6

the part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

Answer 6

Axon

Question 7

the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another structure

Answer 7

Synapse

Question 8

nerve impulses travel between neurons by the movement of chemicals

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter

Question 9

the fatty layer that usually covers an axon

Answer 9

Myelin

Question 10

a neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts a stimulus into a nerve impulse

Answer 10

Sensory neuron

Question 11

a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland

Answer 11

Motor neuron

Question 12

a neuron that carries nerve impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

Answer 12

Interneuron

Question 13

chemicals traveling to the dendrites of thee next neuron and stimulate it to produce a new electrical nerve impulse

Answer 13

Electrochemical impulse

Question 14

an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

Answer 14

Ion

Question 15

division of nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 15

Central nervous system

Question 16

division of the nervous system consisting of all of the nerves located outside the central nervous system

Answer 16

Peripheral nervous system

Question 17

the group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that control involuntary actions

Answer 17

Autonomic nervous system

Question 18

a group of nerves in the peripheral nervous system that control voluntary actions

Answer 18

Somatic nervous system

Question 19

part of the brain that intercepts input from senses, controls movements, and carries out complex mental processes

Answer 19

Cerebrum (Cerebral cortex)

Question 20

part of the brain that coordinates the actions the muscles and helps maintain balance

Answer 20

Cerebellum

Question 21

part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull, and controls most functions in the body

Answer 21

Brainstem

Question 22

thick columns of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 22

Spinal cord

Question 23

one of the main regions of the brain; senses

Answer 23

Midbrain

Question 24

a bruise-like injury of the brain that occurs when the soft tissue of the brain collides against the skull

Answer 24

Concussion

Question 25

Describe the overall structure and explain the function of each part of your nervous system.

Answer 25

1. the division of the nervous system
2. the control center of the body
3. column of nervous tissue main region of brain
4. main region of brain
5. controls most functions in the body
6. helps maintain balance

Question 26

Name the 3 kinds of neurons and where they are found.

Answer 26

They are the motor, sensory, and interneuron. The sensory neuron is found in the sensory organs, the motor neurons are in the muscles, and the interneuron is in the brain or spinal cord.

Question 27

Explain how a nerve impulse travels through a neuron and between neurons as an electrochemical impulse.

Answer 27

The impulse moves to the tip of the axon and causes the release of neurotransmitter chemicals

Question 28

Describe and label the path a nerve impulse takes from a stimulus through the reflex arc to the body’s response.

Answer 28

Sensory organ, sensory neuron, the brain or spinal cord, motor neuron, and muscle

Question 29

Be able to label a diagram of a neuron.

Answer 29

Parts of a neuron: dendrites, nucleus, axon, axon tips, cell body

Question 30

Be able to describe in words, draw or label a diagram of the “reflex pathway” between any stimulus and a response from your body.

Answer 30

It goes from the sensory neurons to the cell body to the synapse to the axon to the motor neuron

Question 31

Name all the divisions of the Nervous System and explain/give examples of what they do.

Answer 31

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

Question 32

Name the 5 main structures of the brain and their function.

Answer 32

Cerebral cortex; thinking, corpus callosum; relay, midbrain; senses, brainstem; body functions, cerebellum; muscle memory

Question 33

Give examples of how your nervous system can be damaged.

Answer 33

Can be damaged by a concussion, or other fast jerks which would cause your brain to move around in your head; car crashes, fast stops

Question 34

Compare and Contrast the human nervous system to an electrical circuit.

Answer 34

The spinal cord is like an electrical circuit in the sense where if damaged; the farther up the spine/circuit, the more damage down

The nervous system is like wires and circuits in the sense where if you get pricked, it will send a nerve impulse to send an action to move away. If you turn a light off, an impulse will go through the wiring and will shut it off